Introduction to Genetics Flashcards
Creator of The:
- recessive & demonant traits
- punnett square
Gregor Mendel
(FF)
dominant homozygous
(ff)
Recessive Homozygous
(Ff)
Heterozygous
is the scientific study of genes and heredity of how certain qualities or traits are passed from parents to offspring as a result of changes in DNA Sequence
Genetics
are the building blocks of DNA
Nucleotides
3 Components of a Nucleotide:
- one five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose
- one phosphate group
- one of four nitrogenous bases (A, G, T, C)
are many nucleotide with each other
Polynucleotide
forms the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in our cells
Polynucleotide
DNA stands for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
the number 1 to 5 starts where?
start with the point where the ribose sugar is connected to the base
how many polynucleotide chain are needed to create DNA?
two polynucleotide chain that mirror itself
Four Types of Nucleotides
- Thymine (T)
- Cytosine (C)
- Adenine (A)
- Guanine (G)
are pyrimidines, built from a single carbon-nitrogen ring
Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C)
are purines, built from a pair of fused carbon-nitrogen rings
Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)
Thymine/Uracil pairs with?
Adenine (2 hydrogen bombs)
Adenine pairs with?
Thymine/Uracil (2 hydrogen bonds)
Cytosine pairs with?
Guanine (3 hydrogen bonds)
Guanine pairs with?
Cytosine (3 hydrogen bonds)
deoxyribose sugars are linked by phosphate groups in an alternating pattern, forming a?
Sugar-phosphate Backbone
a covalent bond that connects the phosphate group to the sugar of the next nucleotide
Phosphodiester
each phosphate groups links the _ carbon of one sugar to the _ carbon of the next sugar
- 3
- 5
the entire linkage is a
phosphodiester bond
is a DNA sequence that codes for particular protein and ultimately causes the expression of certain traits
Gene
a gene could be as short as a ____ or as long as ___
- few hundred
- many thousand
Example of Gene
MC1R gene directly related to the production of melanin proteins (hair pigments) in humans
