Introduction to General Pathology

Question 1

The study of Disease

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

How is pathology used to understand how disease works?

Answer 2

Diagnose disease by signs and disease prevention

Question 3

What are the three pathology studies?

Answer 3

Structural, Biochemical, Functional
[changes in the cell>tissue>organ]
In response to injuries agents and deprivations

Question 4

Abnormal body process with or without characteristic signs

Answer 4

Disease

Question 5

Where does disease begin?

Answer 5

At the molecular and cellular level

Question 6

What does/can disease affect?

Answer 6

May affect the whole body or any of its parts

Question 7

List the four aspects of a disease process that form the core of pathology

Answer 7

1. Etiology
2. Pathogenesis
3. Molecular and morphologic changes
4. Clinical manifestations

Question 8

Term that refers to the CAUSE of disease

Answer 8

Etiology

Question 9

What are the two major classes of Etiology?

Answer 9

Genetic (intrinsic) and Acquired (extrinsic)

Question 10

Give examples of genetic (intrinsic) etiologies

Answer 10

Inherited mutations
Disease-associated gene variants
Polymorphisms

Question 11

Give examples of acquired (extrinsic) etiologies

Answer 11

Infectious
Nutritional
Chemical
Physical

Question 12

Term that refers to the mechanisms of disease development [sequence of events from initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of the disease in the response of cells or tissues to the etiology]

Answer 12

Pathogenesis

Question 13

Refers to biochemical and structural alterations induced in the cells and organs of the body

Answer 13

Molecular and morphologic changes

Question 14

May be characteristic of a disease or diagnostic of an etiologic process

Answer 14

Molecular and morphologic changes

Question 15

This results from genetic, biochemical and structural changes in cells and tissues

Answer 15

Clinical Manifestations

Question 16

Clinical Manifestations manifest as functional abnormalities such as:

Answer 16

Signs (animals): you see as a clinician

Symptoms (humans): what the patient feels and tells you

Question 17

Injury to the cells and to the extra-cellular matrix leads to

Answer 17

Tissue and Organ damage

Question 18

Term for a concise statement or conclusion concerning the nature, cause, or name of a disease

Answer 18

Diagnosis

Question 19

Types of diagnosis (Dx)

Answer 19

Clinical Diagnoses
Differential Diagnoses (DDx)
Morpholgic diagnoses (MDx)
Etiologic diagnoses (Edx)
Clinical pathologic diagnosis

Question 20

Based on the case history (Hx), clinical signs, physical examination, and may provide a DDx

Answer 20

Clinical diagnosis

Question 21

List of diseases that could account for the evidence or lesions of the case

Answer 21

Differential diagnosis (DDx)

Question 22

Based on the predominant lesion(s) in the tissue(s)

Answer 22

Morphologic diagnosis

Question 23

List the information provided in a morphologic diagnosis

Answer 23

1. Location
2. Distribution
3. Severity
4. Duration
5. Nature

Question 24

Morphologic diagnosis location:

Answer 24

Organ tissue

Question 25

Morphologic diagnosis Distribution

Answer 25

Focal, Multifocal, locally extensive, diffuse

Question 26

Morphologic diagnosis Severity

Answer 26

mild, moderate, severe

Question 27

Morphologic diagnosis Duration/Time

Answer 27

acute, chronic

Question 28

Morphologic diagnosis Nature

Answer 28

degenerative, inflammatory, neoplastic

Question 29

This term is a more definitive dx and names the specific cause of the disease

Answer 29

Etiologic diagnosis

Question 30

Based on the changes observed in the chemistry of fluids and the hematology

Answer 30

Clinical pathologic diagnosis

Question 31

Refers to the course of the disease, the outcome

Answer 31

Prognosis

Question 32

Prognosis terms:

Answer 32

o Good to excellent: the lesion is expected to resolve with no expected lasting harm
o Guarded: the outcome is uncertain, the lesion could resolve or become worse as a result of unforeseen factors
o Grave- the animal is not expected to recover from the lesion or disease

Question 33

Characteristic or indicative of a specific disease

Answer 33

Pathognomonic