Introduction to Endocrine Physiology Flashcards
1
Q
- What are the mechanisms of cellular communication?
A
- Autocrine
- Paracrine
- Endocrine
- Neuroendocrine
2
Q
- In addition to hormones secreted by classic endocrine glands, there are:
A
- Hormones synthesized by endocrine cells w/ organs whose PRIMARY function is not endocrine (Heart, Liver, Kidney, GI Tract, Adipose Tissue)
- Hormones modified by peripheral conversion (Angiotensin II, Vitamin D)
3
Q
- What hormones does the hypothalamus secrete?
A
- TRH
- CRH
- GHRH
- GnRH
- Somatostatin
- Dopamine
4
Q
- What hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete?
A
- TSH
- FSH
- LH
- ACTH
- MSH
- GH
- Prolactin
5
Q
- What hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete?
A
- ADH
- Oxytocin
6
Q
- What hormones does the thyroid secrete?
A
- T3,T4
- Calcitonin
7
Q
- What hormones does the parathyroid gland secrete?
A
- PTH
8
Q
- What hormones does the pancreas secrete?
A
- Insulin
- Glucagon
9
Q
- What hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?
A
- NE
- Epi
10
Q
- What hormones does the kidney secrete?
A
- Renin
- 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (Calcitriol)
- EPO
11
Q
- What hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete?
A
- Cortisol
- Aldosterone
- Adrenal androgens
12
Q
- What hormones do the testes secrete?
A
- Testosterone
13
Q
- What hormones do the ovaries secrete?
A
- Estradiol
- Progesterone
14
Q
- What hormones does the corpus luteum secrete?
A
- Estradiol
- Progesterone
15
Q
- What hormones does the placenta secrete?
A
- HCG: Human chorionic gonadotropin
- hPL: Human placental lactogen
- Progesterone
- Estradiol
16
Q
- What are the three general classes of hormones?
A
- Proteins and peptides (stored in secretory vesicles until used)
- AA < 100 length are peptides
- AA > 100 length are proteins
- Water soluble
- Amines
- Tyrosine derived
- Steroids
- Not stored
- Made from cholesterol
- Lipid-soluble
17
Q
- How are protein/peptide hormones synthesized?
- What are the stimuli for exocytosis?
A
- Made as preprohormone (not active)
- Signal peptide removed in ER to make PROHORMONE
- Packed into vesicles in Golgi
- Cleaved by proteolytic enzymes and generated to active form
-
Stimuli for exocytosis:
- Increase in intracellular Ca2+ caused by depolarization
- Activation of GPCR (increase in cAMP and activation of PKA)