CIS-Dr.Singh Flashcards
1
Q
- Relative adrenal insufficiency (adrenal crisis)
A
- Inability of HPA axis to keep up with demand
- Insufficient mineralcorticoids (Salt Wasting)
2
Q
- What are the two ways to prove primary acute adrenal insuffiency?
A
- ACTH
- Should be elevated in primary adrenal insufficiency
- ACTH stimulation test
- Should have no respinse with elevated cortisol *
3
Q
- Primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency
A
- Long duration of malaise, fatigue
- Anorexia and weight loss
- Joint pain
- Hyperpigmentation of skin (increased ACTH)
4
Q
- What type of hyperparathyroidism is shown below?

A
- Primary
5
Q
- What type of hyperparathyroidism is shown?

A
- Secondary
6
Q
- Insulitis occurs d/t failure of _ in T lymphocytes
- What are the four Ts to look out for in T1DM
A
- self tolerance
- Toilet
- Thirsty
- Tired
- Thinner
7
Q
- What happens in diabetic ketoacidosis
A
- Free fatty acids from adipose tissue used be liver to generate ketoacids
- Leads to:
- Acidosis
- Labored breathing
- Nause/Vomiting
- Fruity/Nail Polish Remover breath
8
Q
- What is Pemberton’s sign?
A
- Facial flushing and venous dilation when arms are raised
9
Q
- What is located posterior to the thyroid and can be compressed with goiter?
A
- Immediately posterior-trachea
- More posterior-esophagus
10
Q
- What are some signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism
A

11
Q
- What are some signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism
A

12
Q
- Why do goiters develop? (3 ways)
A
- Nutrition
- I- deficiency
- Goitrogens
- Genetics
- Familial predisposition
- Environment
- Alcohol
- Smoking
- Obesity/Insulin Resistance
13
Q
- Why do nontoxic (euthyroid) goiters develop?
A
- Adaptive response to impaired thyroid hormone synthesis (gland must grow to keep up with normal physiological function)

14
Q
- Why is it important to treat euthyroid?
- How do you treat?
A
- Obstructive symptoms
- Dysphagia
- Dyspnea
- Risk of malignancy
- Treatment
- Surgery (preferred)
- Radioactive Iodine therapy
15
Q
_ is indicative of elevated intracranial pressure
A
- Papilledema
16
Q
- A pituitary tumor can cause what visual defect?
- What hormonal defects can result? (The ones she talked about)
A
- Bitemporal hemianopsia
- Elevated ACTH-Cushing’s Disease
- Elevated GH-Acromegaly in adults, gigantism in children

17
Q
- What two things should be tested/measured when testing for acromegaly?
A
- Serum levels of IGF (should be elevated d/t increase in GH secretion from the anterior pituitary-more stable secretion than GH, why we use this as a measurement)
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
- Normal person- administering oral glucose will suppress GH
- Acromegaly-administration of oral glucose will not suppress GH

18
Q
- What are some not-so obvious features of acromegaly?
A
- Prominent Jaw
- Larger Hands
- Accelerated Osteoarthritis
