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Praxis Review > Introduction to Dysphagia > Flashcards

Introduction to Dysphagia Flashcards

1
Q

Dysphagia

A

problems swallowing safely

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2
Q

Aphagia

A

Inability to swallow

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3
Q

Penetration

A

Food residue left in the vestibule above the vocal folds

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4
Q

Aspiration

A

When food falls into trachea/lungs due to reflux or ingesting

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5
Q

Feeding

A

Happens before swallowing initiated and assumes that client can swallow safely. Just have to work on food reluctance/ fear/ aversion/ motivation to swallow

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6
Q

Danger Signs of Dysphagia

A

Coughing, gurgly voice, weight loss, recurrent pnemonia, weakness, inability to recognize food( dementia), drooling, secretions, inability to control food in the mouth

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7
Q

Aspiration pneumonia

A

infection of the lungs due to aspirating

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8
Q

Effects of Dysphagia

A

Weight loss, aspiration pneumonia, weakness, depression, dehydration

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9
Q

Dysphagia assessment gold standard

A

small amounts of food or liquid to prevent aspiration pneumonia/ do not feed the patient, instead observe naturally or give small sips of water.
40% of patients silent aspiration missed @ screening. Modified Barium Best

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10
Q

Stages of Swallowing

A

Oral Preparatory, Oral, Pharyngeal, Esophageal

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11
Q

Oral Preparatory Stage

A

Chewing(mastication), adding saliva, forming a bolus

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12
Q

Mastication

A

Complicated process- chewing control center- in Pons/ Cortical controls make adjustments due to sensory feedback

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13
Q

Tongue

A

Both intrinsic (originate/insert inside tongue)/extrinsic (originate/insert outside tongue)

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14
Q

SILL

A

Intrinsic muscles: superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, Lingua transverse, Lingua verticales

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15
Q

Superior Longitudinal

A

raises the tongue tip

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16
Q

Inferior Longitudinal

A

lowers the tongue tip

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17
Q

Lingua transverse

A

elongates the tonge

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18
Q

Lingua verticalis

A

flattens the tongue

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19
Q

Gen
Hyoga
Senku
Petrification

A 
Extrinsic Muscles:
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
20
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Gen
Hyoga
Senku
Petrification

21
Q

Genioglossus

A

Most of tongue/protrusion&depression

22
Q

Hypoglossus

A

depress&retract tongue

23
Q

Styloglossus

A

retract the tongue

24
Q

Palatoglossus

A

depresses the soft palate and moves the faucial pillars toward midline

25
Q

Mastication Muscles

A

Primary-attach mandible to skull

Secondary- attach mandible to anything else like hyoid/thyroid

26
Q

Close the Mouth

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid

27
Q

Open the mouth

A

gravity & lateral pterygoid

28
Q

anterior/ventral

A

front

29
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

back

30
Q

superior

A

top

31
Q

inferior

A

bottom

32
Q

Anterior Movement of the Jaw

A
  • Masseter
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Lateral pterygoid
33
Q

Posterior Movement of the Jaw

A

Temporalis

34
Q

Oral Stage

A

Bolus starts to move from tongue through faucial pillars. Tongue lift to hard palate, Tongue peristaltic movement, Hyoid bone to lift and larynx lifts and tilts

35
Q

Epiglosttis

A

laryngeal cartilage/ falls down over larynx to prevent food from falling into trachea

36
Q

Cricopharyngeus>PE Segment> UES

A

upper part of the esophagus- muscle that allows food to go through to esophagus

37
Q

Pyriform Sinuses

A

pockets at the rear lateral edge of the larynx

38
Q

Larynx

A

upper portion of trachea, vocal box, contains vocal cords

39
Q

Pharynx

A

tube from behind faucial pillars to UES & Larynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)

40
Q

Pharyngeal Stage

A

takes less than a second. Bolus travels from top of the pharynx to UES. Lift/tilt of larynx causes UES to stretch open, epiglottis to fall down ontop of larynx and aretynoids to move forward creating a seal over the trachea

41
Q

Pharyngeal Muscles

A

superior, medial, inferior constrictors

42
Q

Esophageal Stage

A

Eight to twenty seconds, movement of bolus through UES and down into lower sphincter and stomach. Involuntary

43
Q

Swallowing can be initiated

A

Pressure, liquid against pharynx, tactil stimulation

44
Q

Swallowing

A

respiration stopped, caused by stimulating pre-motor area, neurons needed for pharyngeal/esophageal stages in Brain stem

45
Q

Swallowing continued

A

Brainstem-neurons necessary

Cortex- initiation and neuromuscular activity

46
Q

Pons

A

when stimulated can activate swallowing and chewing

Praxis Review (8 decks)

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