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Praxis Review > Anatomy CH1 > Flashcards

Anatomy CH1 Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration

A

Breathing cycle (Inhalation-inspiration) (exhaulation-expiration). Energy for speech

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2
Q

Phonation

A

Voicing or speech sounds produced

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3
Q

Resonance

A

Modification of voiced sounds through the articulators

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4
Q

Articulation

A

Sound in Isolation or in connected speech

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5
Q

Respiration Involves the following Structures

A

diaghram, rib cage, lungs, trachea, bronchi, sternum, spinal column

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6
Q

Does speech happen on the exhal or inhale

A

exhal

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7
Q

tidal breathing rates

A

Normal/Silent : 60 exhal 40 inhal

Speech: 90 exhal 10 inhal

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8
Q

medulla oblongata

A

responds to bodies need for oxygen by sending signal out to respiratory muscles to start

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9
Q

Lungs

A

right-bigger shorter 3 lobes, left- smaller 2 lobes

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10
Q

Cycle of Breathing

A

1- chest lungs expand, diaghram lowers( during this step the alveolar pressure is reduced when compared to the atmospheric pressure), oxygen comes in
2- air pressure equalizes
3- Open pressure equalizing expiration starts. There is then a positive alveolar pressure to atmospheric pressure

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11
Q

Spinal Column

A 
Comps test is canceled
32-33 vertebrae
Cervical 7 neck
Thoracic 12 rib attachement
Lumbar 5 weight support
Sacrum 5 fused
Coccyx 3-4 fused
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12
Q

Sternum

A

Breastbone- Made up of 3 parts
Manubrium-attach clavicle, 1st rib
Corpus- attach ribs 2-7
Xiphoid process-bottom

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13
Q

Bronchi

A

Tube between trachea and lungs. divides into smaller bronchioles(tiny branch tree)(as divide turn from cartilages to muscular) that communicate with alveolar ducts that open into tiny air sacs in the lungs

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14
Q

Trachea

A

Tube about 13 centimeters- connect larynx to bronchi and lungs. 20 rings of cartilage that are incomplete at the back where trachea meets esophagus. Last tracheal ring splits in two into the left and right primary bronchi.

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15
Q

bifurcates

A

split in two

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16
Q

diaphragm

A

primary muscle of inspiration
located bottom of the chest cavity- seperates the abdomen from the thorax
dome-shaped
max capacity

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17
Q

abdomen

A

houses intestines, liver, kidneys, etc.

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18
Q

Anterior or Ventral

A

Front

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19
Q

Posterior or dorsal

A

Back

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20
Q

Medial

A

toward midline

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21
Q

Oblique

A

Slanting

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22
Q

Superior

A

Upper

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23
Q

Inferior

A

Lower

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24
Q

Proximal

A

toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part (example, the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic bone)

25
Distal
away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part (example, the hand is located at the distal end of the forearm).
26
Rib Cage
Thoracic cage-have a degree of mobility allowing the rib cage to elevate during inspiration. Protect inner organs- heart and lungs Composed of 3 parts: Sternum in the anterior surface 12 thoracic vertebrae in the posterior surface 12 pairs of ribs connect laterally from the vertebrae to their individual costal cartilages
27
Central Tendon
Connection point of the diaphragm that muscle fibers use to pull it down and forward to expand the throracic cavity during breathing
28
Thoracic Cavity
Chest Cavity
29
Intercostal Muscles
Muscles between the ribs 2 parts: 11 paired Internal intercostals 11 paired external intercostals
30
Internal intercostals
11 paired,pull ribs downward, help w/ exhal
31
External intercostals
11 paired, raise ribs up and out, help w/ inhal | important bc by helping w/ inspiration provides max breath capacity, so crucial for speech breathing
32
Elevates Rib Cage
Serratus posteror superior Levator costarum brevis Levator costarum longis External Intercostal
33
Sternocleidomastoid
elevates sternum, indirectly involved w/ respiration
34
Trapezius
controls the head & elongates the neck, indirectly involved respiration
35
Scalenes
``` Several Muscles ( anterior, middle, posterior) stabilize and rotate the head ```
36
Muscles of the shoulder and Upper arm
pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, Seratus anterior, levator scapulae
37
Muscles of head, neck, shoulder
indirectly influence throax & rib cage dimensions
38
abduct
open
39
adduct
close
40
larynx
valving mechanism that opens and closes (individual sphincters)suspended from hyoid bone Fcn: airway protection, production of cough reflex to expel foreign substances, closer fold to build subglottic pressure for physical tasks (child birth, exretion, lifting,etc)
41
Quiet breathing
vocal folds are open
42
hyoid bone
U shaped floats under mandible( jawbone)
43
Epiglottis
Leaf like
44
Cartilages of the Larynx
CCCAT (minor corniculate, cuneiform)Cricoid cartilage, Arytenoid Cartilage, Thyroid cartilage
45
Thryoid Carilage
largest laryngeal cartilage Protects larynx forms anterior/lateral walls Open in the back w/ two horns going towards cricoid cartilage. Front surface made up of laminae that form thyroid angle.
46
Cornu or Corna
horn
47
Thyroid notch
Adam's apple, superior point of thyroid angle
48
Cricoid cartilage
(sometimes uppermost trachea ring) completly surrounds the trachea, larger in the back then the front
49
Arytenoid Cartilages
``` Pyramidal shape atttached to upper back cricoid cartilage Help movement (sliding, circular, etc) for muscular process and vocal process ```
50
Corniculate cartilage
sit on apex of arytenoids, assist with reducing the laryngeal opening when swallowing
51
Cuneiform cartilage
cone shaped-under membrane aryepiglottic folds | Stiffen or tense the aryepiglottic folds
52
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
primarily responsible for controlling sound production TLcTaOaCPc Thyroarytenoid, Lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid, cricothyroid, Posterior cricoarytenoid
53
Internal Thyroarytenoid
primary portion of Thyroarytenoid- also known as vocalis muscle/vocal folds
54
Thyroarytenoid
paired- external/internal help adduct vocal fold
55
Vocal fold adducter muscles
Lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid
56
Cricothyroid muscle
lengthens and tenses the vocal folds, resulting in pitch change
57
The diaphragm moves by
muscle fibers insert into central tendon
58
arcuate fasciculus
connect broca's area and wernicke's area

Praxis Review (8 decks)

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