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Praxis Review > Anatomy CH1 > Flashcards

Anatomy CH1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Respiration

A

Breathing cycle (Inhalation-inspiration) (exhaulation-expiration). Energy for speech

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2
Q

Phonation

A

Voicing or speech sounds produced

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3
Q

Resonance

A

Modification of voiced sounds through the articulators

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4
Q

Articulation

A

Sound in Isolation or in connected speech

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5
Q

Respiration Involves the following Structures

A

diaghram, rib cage, lungs, trachea, bronchi, sternum, spinal column

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6
Q

Does speech happen on the exhal or inhale

A

exhal

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7
Q

tidal breathing rates

A

Normal/Silent : 60 exhal 40 inhal

Speech: 90 exhal 10 inhal

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8
Q

medulla oblongata

A

responds to bodies need for oxygen by sending signal out to respiratory muscles to start

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9
Q

Lungs

A

right-bigger shorter 3 lobes, left- smaller 2 lobes

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10
Q

Cycle of Breathing

A

1- chest lungs expand, diaghram lowers( during this step the alveolar pressure is reduced when compared to the atmospheric pressure), oxygen comes in
2- air pressure equalizes
3- Open pressure equalizing expiration starts. There is then a positive alveolar pressure to atmospheric pressure

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11
Q

Spinal Column

A 
Comps test is canceled
32-33 vertebrae
Cervical 7 neck
Thoracic 12 rib attachement
Lumbar 5 weight support
Sacrum 5 fused
Coccyx 3-4 fused
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12
Q

Sternum

A

Breastbone- Made up of 3 parts
Manubrium-attach clavicle, 1st rib
Corpus- attach ribs 2-7
Xiphoid process-bottom

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13
Q

Bronchi

A

Tube between trachea and lungs. divides into smaller bronchioles(tiny branch tree)(as divide turn from cartilages to muscular) that communicate with alveolar ducts that open into tiny air sacs in the lungs

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14
Q

Trachea

A

Tube about 13 centimeters- connect larynx to bronchi and lungs. 20 rings of cartilage that are incomplete at the back where trachea meets esophagus. Last tracheal ring splits in two into the left and right primary bronchi.

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15
Q

bifurcates

A

split in two

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16
Q

diaphragm

A

primary muscle of inspiration
located bottom of the chest cavity- seperates the abdomen from the thorax
dome-shaped
max capacity

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17
Q

abdomen

A

houses intestines, liver, kidneys, etc.

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18
Q

Anterior or Ventral

A

Front

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19
Q

Posterior or dorsal

A

Back

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20
Q

Medial

A

toward midline

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21
Q

Oblique

A

Slanting

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22
Q

Superior

A

Upper

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23
Q

Inferior

A

Lower

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24
Q

Proximal

A

toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part (example, the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic bone)

25
Q

Distal

A

away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part (example, the hand is located at the distal end of the forearm).

26
Q

Rib Cage

A

Thoracic cage-have a degree of mobility allowing the rib cage to elevate during inspiration.
Protect inner organs- heart and lungs
Composed of 3 parts:
Sternum in the anterior surface
12 thoracic vertebrae in the posterior surface
12 pairs of ribs connect laterally from the vertebrae to their individual costal cartilages

27
Q

Central Tendon

A

Connection point of the diaphragm that muscle fibers use to pull it down and forward to expand the throracic cavity during breathing

28
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Chest Cavity

29
Q

Intercostal Muscles

A

Muscles between the ribs
2 parts:
11 paired Internal intercostals
11 paired external intercostals

30
Q

Internal intercostals

A

11 paired,pull ribs downward, help w/ exhal

31
Q

External intercostals

A

11 paired, raise ribs up and out, help w/ inhal

important bc by helping w/ inspiration provides max breath capacity, so crucial for speech breathing

32
Q

Elevates Rib Cage

A

Serratus posteror superior
Levator costarum brevis
Levator costarum longis
External Intercostal

33
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

elevates sternum, indirectly involved w/ respiration

34
Q

Trapezius

A

controls the head & elongates the neck, indirectly involved respiration

35
Q

Scalenes

A 
Several Muscles ( anterior, middle, posterior)
stabilize and rotate the head
36
Q

Muscles of the shoulder and Upper arm

A

pectoralis major,
pectoralis minor,
Seratus anterior,
levator scapulae

37
Q

Muscles of head, neck, shoulder

A

indirectly influence throax & rib cage dimensions

38
Q

abduct

A

open

39
Q

adduct

A

close

40
Q

larynx

A

valving mechanism that opens and closes (individual sphincters)suspended from hyoid bone
Fcn: airway protection, production of cough reflex to expel foreign substances, closer fold to build subglottic pressure for physical tasks (child birth, exretion, lifting,etc)

41
Q

Quiet breathing

A

vocal folds are open

42
Q

hyoid bone

A

U shaped floats under mandible( jawbone)

43
Q

Epiglottis

A

Leaf like

44
Q

Cartilages of the Larynx

A

CCCAT (minor corniculate, cuneiform)Cricoid cartilage, Arytenoid Cartilage, Thyroid cartilage

45
Q

Thryoid Carilage

A

largest laryngeal cartilage
Protects larynx forms anterior/lateral walls
Open in the back w/ two horns going towards cricoid cartilage. Front surface made up of laminae that form thyroid angle.

46
Q

Cornu or Corna

A

horn

47
Q

Thyroid notch

A

Adam’s apple, superior point of thyroid angle

48
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

(sometimes uppermost trachea ring) completly surrounds the trachea, larger in the back then the front

49
Q

Arytenoid Cartilages

A 
Pyramidal shape  atttached to upper back cricoid cartilage 
Help movement (sliding, circular, etc) for muscular process and vocal process
50
Q

Corniculate cartilage

A

sit on apex of arytenoids, assist with reducing the laryngeal opening when swallowing

51
Q

Cuneiform cartilage

A

cone shaped-under membrane aryepiglottic folds

Stiffen or tense the aryepiglottic folds

52
Q

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

A

primarily responsible for controlling sound production
TLcTaOaCPc
Thyroarytenoid, Lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid, cricothyroid, Posterior cricoarytenoid

53
Q

Internal Thyroarytenoid

A

primary portion of Thyroarytenoid- also known as vocalis muscle/vocal folds

54
Q

Thyroarytenoid

A

paired- external/internal help adduct vocal fold

55
Q

Vocal fold adducter muscles

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid

56
Q

Cricothyroid muscle

A

lengthens and tenses the vocal folds, resulting in pitch change

57
Q

The diaphragm moves by

A

muscle fibers insert into central tendon

58
Q

arcuate fasciculus

A

connect broca’s area and wernicke’s area

Praxis Review (8 decks)

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