Introduction to Disorders of the Blood Flashcards
name three functions of blood
transport nutrients
removal of waste
transport host defences to where they are required
what are the 4 components of blood
plasma
white blood cells
platelets
red blood cells
what is the buffy region
the intermediate region when separating blood where the white cells and platelets accumulate
what does plasma contain
plasma proteins that aid in transporting nutrients and medicines round the body
name two plasma proteins
albumin and globulin
what does FBC include
RBC
WCC
PLT
HCT
MCV
what is HCT
heamatocrit - the ratio of cells to liquid in the blood
what is anaemia
low haemoglobin can be produced with or without a change in RBC count
what is leukopenia
low WCC
what is thrombocytopenia
low platelets
what is pancytopenia
all cell types reduced
what is polycythaemia
Raised haemoglobin
what is leukocytosis
raised WCC
what is thrombocythaemia
raised platelets
what are the two main groups of blood cancers
leukaemia or lymphoma
what two categories are pluripotent stem cells split into
myeloid and lymphoid
what is porphyria
abnormality of haem metabolism
what are the two groups of porphyria
hepatic porphyria
erythropoietic porphyria
what type of porphyria is most relevant to dentistry
acute intermittent porphyria - can be triggered by medicines including LA
what are clinical effects of porphyria
photo-sensitive rash
neuropsychiatric disturbance in acute attacks
hypertension
tachycardia
what does macrocytosis mean for the MCV
raised
what does microcytosis mean for the MCV
low
three causes of anaemia
low RBC count
Hb formation deficiency
chronic blood loss
formation of abnormal red cells
what is a disease caused by microcytosis of red blood cells
Fe deficiency
thalassemia
what is a disease caused by macrocytosis of red blood cells
B12/ Folic acid deficiency
what is normocytic anaemia
red blood cells are normal size but reduced amount of haemoglobin in the blood
what is a hypochromic cell
cells appear pale du to there being less Hb in the red cells
what is ansiocytic
exaggerated range of RBC sizes
what does macrocytosis indicate
RBC immaturity
what are almost mature RBCs called
reticulocytes
what are reticulocytes
they have residual material within the cell and have not matured fully -therefore are bigger than normal RBC - therefore bigger MCV
what are signs of anaemia
pale
tachycardia
what are symptoms of anaemia
tired and weak
dizzy
SOB
palpitations
what are two clinical presentations relevant to dentistry that can be seen with anaemia
pale mucosa
smooth tongue
beefy tongue
two oral manifestations of iron deficiency
smooth tongue
angular cheilitis
oral manifestation of Vit B12 deficiency
beefy tongue
what are red blood cells triggered by
erythropoietin from the kidney
what is the prescription for iron replacement tablets
Iron sulfate 200mg three times daily for 3 months
what is the prescription for vitamin B12 deficiency
1mg intramuscular vit B12 x 6 then 1mg every two months
what is the prescription for folic acid deficiency
5mg folic acid daily
give four presentations of anaemia that can present to the dentist
mucosal atrophy
candidiasis
recurrent oral ulceration
sensory changes
