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BDS2 Diseases of Human Systems > Introduction to Disorders of the Blood > Flashcards

Introduction to Disorders of the Blood Flashcards

1
Q

name three functions of blood

A

transport nutrients
removal of waste
transport host defences to where they are required

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2
Q

what are the 4 components of blood

A

plasma
white blood cells
platelets
red blood cells

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3
Q

what is the buffy region

A

the intermediate region when separating blood where the white cells and platelets accumulate

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4
Q

what does plasma contain

A

plasma proteins that aid in transporting nutrients and medicines round the body

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5
Q

name two plasma proteins

A

albumin and globulin

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6
Q

what does FBC include

A

RBC
WCC
PLT
HCT
MCV

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7
Q

what is HCT

A

heamatocrit - the ratio of cells to liquid in the blood

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8
Q

what is anaemia

A

low haemoglobin can be produced with or without a change in RBC count

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9
Q

what is leukopenia

A

low WCC

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10
Q

what is thrombocytopenia

A

low platelets

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11
Q

what is pancytopenia

A

all cell types reduced

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12
Q

what is polycythaemia

A

Raised haemoglobin

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13
Q

what is leukocytosis

A

raised WCC

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14
Q

what is thrombocythaemia

A

raised platelets

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15
Q

what are the two main groups of blood cancers

A

leukaemia or lymphoma

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16
Q

what two categories are pluripotent stem cells split into

A

myeloid and lymphoid

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17
Q

what is porphyria

A

abnormality of haem metabolism

18
Q

what are the two groups of porphyria

A

hepatic porphyria
erythropoietic porphyria

19
Q

what type of porphyria is most relevant to dentistry

A

acute intermittent porphyria - can be triggered by medicines including LA

20
Q

what are clinical effects of porphyria

A

photo-sensitive rash
neuropsychiatric disturbance in acute attacks
hypertension
tachycardia

21
Q

what does macrocytosis mean for the MCV

A

raised

22
Q

what does microcytosis mean for the MCV

A

low

23
Q

three causes of anaemia

A

low RBC count
Hb formation deficiency
chronic blood loss
formation of abnormal red cells

24
Q

what is a disease caused by microcytosis of red blood cells

A

Fe deficiency
thalassemia

25
Q

what is a disease caused by macrocytosis of red blood cells

A

B12/ Folic acid deficiency

26
Q

what is normocytic anaemia

A

red blood cells are normal size but reduced amount of haemoglobin in the blood

27
Q

what is a hypochromic cell

A

cells appear pale du to there being less Hb in the red cells

28
Q

what is ansiocytic

A

exaggerated range of RBC sizes

29
Q

what does macrocytosis indicate

A

RBC immaturity

30
Q

what are almost mature RBCs called

A

reticulocytes

31
Q

what are reticulocytes

A

they have residual material within the cell and have not matured fully -therefore are bigger than normal RBC - therefore bigger MCV

32
Q

what are signs of anaemia

A

pale
tachycardia

33
Q

what are symptoms of anaemia

A

tired and weak
dizzy
SOB
palpitations

34
Q

what are two clinical presentations relevant to dentistry that can be seen with anaemia

A

pale mucosa
smooth tongue
beefy tongue

35
Q

two oral manifestations of iron deficiency

A

smooth tongue
angular cheilitis

36
Q

oral manifestation of Vit B12 deficiency

A

beefy tongue

37
Q

what are red blood cells triggered by

A

erythropoietin from the kidney

38
Q

what is the prescription for iron replacement tablets

A

Iron sulfate 200mg three times daily for 3 months

39
Q

what is the prescription for vitamin B12 deficiency

A

1mg intramuscular vit B12 x 6 then 1mg every two months

40
Q

what is the prescription for folic acid deficiency

A

5mg folic acid daily

41
Q

give four presentations of anaemia that can present to the dentist

A

mucosal atrophy
candidiasis
recurrent oral ulceration
sensory changes

BDS2 Diseases of Human Systems (7 decks)

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