Introduction to Disorders of the Blood Flashcards
name three functions of blood
transport nutrients
removal of waste
transport host defences to where they are required
what are the 4 components of blood
plasma
white blood cells
platelets
red blood cells
what is the buffy region
the intermediate region when separating blood where the white cells and platelets accumulate
what does plasma contain
plasma proteins that aid in transporting nutrients and medicines round the body
name two plasma proteins
albumin and globulin
what does FBC include
RBC
WCC
PLT
HCT
MCV
what is HCT
heamatocrit - the ratio of cells to liquid in the blood
what is anaemia
low haemoglobin can be produced with or without a change in RBC count
what is leukopenia
low WCC
what is thrombocytopenia
low platelets
what is pancytopenia
all cell types reduced
what is polycythaemia
Raised haemoglobin
what is leukocytosis
raised WCC
what is thrombocythaemia
raised platelets
what are the two main groups of blood cancers
leukaemia or lymphoma
what two categories are pluripotent stem cells split into
myeloid and lymphoid
what is porphyria
abnormality of haem metabolism
what are the two groups of porphyria
hepatic porphyria
erythropoietic porphyria
what type of porphyria is most relevant to dentistry
acute intermittent porphyria - can be triggered by medicines including LA
what are clinical effects of porphyria
photo-sensitive rash
neuropsychiatric disturbance in acute attacks
hypertension
tachycardia
what does macrocytosis mean for the MCV
raised
what does microcytosis mean for the MCV
low
three causes of anaemia
low RBC count
Hb formation deficiency
chronic blood loss
formation of abnormal red cells
what is a disease caused by microcytosis of red blood cells
Fe deficiency
thalassemia
