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BDS2 Diseases of Human Systems > Anaemia and Bleeding Disorders > Flashcards

Anaemia and Bleeding Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what does a FBC include

A

MCV
HCT
RCC
WCC
PLT

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2
Q

what is indicated if more than one blood component is reduced

A

problem in bone marrow

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3
Q

what is polycythaemia

A

raised Hb

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4
Q

what is leukocytosis

A

raised WCC

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5
Q

what is thrombocythaemia

A

increased platelets

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6
Q

name the two main groups of blood cancer

A

leukaemia
lymphoma

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7
Q

what is porphyria

A

abnormality of haem metabolism

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8
Q

what is acute intermittent porphyria

A

partial deficiency of hydroxymethylbilane synthase caused by medicines such as local anaesthetic

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9
Q

what are clinical effects of acute intermittent porphyria

A

photosensitive rash
seizures
motor and sensory changes
autonomic disturbances

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10
Q

what are the three steps to diagnosing anaemia

A

determine if patient has an anaemia
what is the RCC or HCT
what is the MCV

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11
Q

why is the RCC or HCT investigated when diagnosing anaemia

A

to see whether it is a cell deficiency or if it is a Hb formation deficiency

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12
Q

why is the MCV measured when investigating anaemia

A

if anaemia is due to bleeding issue or if anaemia is due to formation of abnormal blood cells

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13
Q

what is microcytosis

A

RBCS smaller on average

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14
Q

what is thalassaemia

A

smaller RBCs
Fe deficiency
less Hb per cell

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15
Q

What is macrocytosis

A

RBCs larger on average

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16
Q

what is macrocytosis associated with

A

folic acid or vit B12 deficiency

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17
Q

why may renal function be examined when investigating anaemia

A

because RBCs are triggered for release by erythropoietin which is formed in the kidney

18
Q

4 signs of anaemia

A

fast HR
tired
SOB
pale and smooth mucosa

19
Q

what is beefy tongue associated with

A

vit B12 deficiency

20
Q

what is occult bleeding

A

patient isn’t aware they are bleeding internally - examined with endoscopy or colonoscopy

21
Q

what is the treatment for iron related anaemia

A

iron tablets 200mg tablets for 3 months

22
Q

what is the treatment for B12 deficient anaemia

A

1mg IM injection every six weeks then 1mg every 2 months

23
Q

what is the treatment for folate related anaemia

A

5mg folic acid daily

24
Q

name three ways anaemia could present in the mouth

A

mucosal atrophy
candidiasis
recurrent ulceration

25
Q

what is achlorhydria

A

lack of stomach acid - cannot convert non-haem from 3+ to 2+ valency which is required for absorption

26
Q

what may be three reasons for vitamin B12 deficiency

A

problem with intrinsic factor in stomach
problem with dietary intake of vit B12
disease in terminal ileum (crohn’s)

27
Q

what can be two potential causes for folate deficiency

A

dietary habits
jejunal disease (Coeliac)

28
Q

what can deficiencies in folate level be linked to with regards to pregnancy

A

spina bifida

29
Q

when is alpha Hb made

A

throughout life

30
Q

when is beta Hb made

A

after birth mainly

31
Q

when is gamma Hb made

A

at birth and reduces after

32
Q

what is sickle cell anaemia

A

abnormal globin chains due to low O2 concentrations which prevents the RBCs from passing through capillaries and leads to tissue ischaemia

33
Q

what is the action of clopidogrel

A

inhibits ADP induced platelet aggregation

34
Q

what is dipyradmole

A

inhibits platelets phosphodiesterase

35
Q

what is INR

A

time taken for prothrombin to turn into thrombin

36
Q

what is the action of aspirin

A

inhibits platelet aggregation by changing the platelet for its lifespan - effect for 7 days

37
Q

what is warfarin

A

anticoagulant - taken to inhibit the clotting cascade

38
Q

does warfarin affect platelets

A

no - platelets will still form clots but will not stabilise as fibrin will not be deposited on the surface

39
Q

what is angular cheilitis a sign of

A

iron deficiency

40
Q
A

BDS2 Diseases of Human Systems (7 decks)

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