Anaemia and Bleeding Disorders Flashcards
what does a FBC include
MCV
HCT
RCC
WCC
PLT
what is indicated if more than one blood component is reduced
problem in bone marrow
what is polycythaemia
raised Hb
what is leukocytosis
raised WCC
what is thrombocythaemia
increased platelets
name the two main groups of blood cancer
leukaemia
lymphoma
what is porphyria
abnormality of haem metabolism
what is acute intermittent porphyria
partial deficiency of hydroxymethylbilane synthase caused by medicines such as local anaesthetic
what are clinical effects of acute intermittent porphyria
photosensitive rash
seizures
motor and sensory changes
autonomic disturbances
what are the three steps to diagnosing anaemia
determine if patient has an anaemia
what is the RCC or HCT
what is the MCV
why is the RCC or HCT investigated when diagnosing anaemia
to see whether it is a cell deficiency or if it is a Hb formation deficiency
why is the MCV measured when investigating anaemia
if anaemia is due to bleeding issue or if anaemia is due to formation of abnormal blood cells
what is microcytosis
RBCS smaller on average
what is thalassaemia
smaller RBCs
Fe deficiency
less Hb per cell
What is macrocytosis
RBCs larger on average
what is macrocytosis associated with
folic acid or vit B12 deficiency
why may renal function be examined when investigating anaemia
because RBCs are triggered for release by erythropoietin which is formed in the kidney
4 signs of anaemia
fast HR
tired
SOB
pale and smooth mucosa
what is beefy tongue associated with
vit B12 deficiency
what is occult bleeding
patient isn’t aware they are bleeding internally - examined with endoscopy or colonoscopy
what is the treatment for iron related anaemia
iron tablets 200mg tablets for 3 months
what is the treatment for B12 deficient anaemia
1mg IM injection every six weeks then 1mg every 2 months
what is the treatment for folate related anaemia
5mg folic acid daily
name three ways anaemia could present in the mouth
mucosal atrophy
candidiasis
recurrent ulceration
