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Module 3B musculoskeletal > Introduction to Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Introduction to Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

this is a branch of medicine that uses imaging techniques to diagnose and treat disease

A

Radiology

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2
Q

this uses ionizing radiation to produce images

A

Conventional Xray

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3
Q

best used to evaluate bones and soft tissues

A

Conventional Xray

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4
Q

what view of patients does xray gives

A

Frontal or coronal

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5
Q

this is the final image of all the summation of al the interactions of the anatomy of the patient and origin of xray detector

A

Summation Shadowgram

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6
Q

what is radiographic image

A

Summation of shadowgram

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7
Q

who invented the Xray

A

Willhelm Roentgen

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8
Q

Opaque- White

A

Hyperdense

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9
Q

Lucent = black

A

Hypodense

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10
Q

White

A

Isodense

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11
Q

what are the 5 basic opacities in xray imaging

A
  • Air
  • Fat
  • Soft tissue
  • Bone
  • Metal
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12
Q

this xray imaging

  • dense structure
  • absorbs large portions
  • isodense
A

Metal

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13
Q

this xray imaging

  • simple molecular structure
  • allows xray to pass thru
  • large black region
A

Air

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14
Q

Basic rule of patient positioning in xray

A

obtain to views

  • anteroposterior
  • lateral
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15
Q

additional special viewing positions

A
  • odontoid
  • axillary
  • skyline
  • decubitus
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16
Q

this is a type of special viewing position

- covers the shoulder

A

Axillary view

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17
Q

this is a type of special viewing position

- covers the patella

A

Skyline view

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18
Q

this is a type of special viewing position

- for high cervical spine

A

Odontoid view

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19
Q

this is a type of special viewing position

- chest or abdomen

A
  • Decubitus
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20
Q

Advantages of Xray

A
  • affordable and accessible
  • widely obtained images
  • quickly
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21
Q

disadvantages of Xray

A
  • cause tissue ionization
  • limited range
  • cannot get depth
  • poor tissue differentiation
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22
Q

this is the principle that tells that the magnitude of times a person should get xyray scans

A

Alara principle

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23
Q

Alara

A

As low as reasonably possible

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24
Q

full form of CA or CT

A

Computed Topography

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25
Q

advantages of CT

A
  • better image
  • good soft tissue eval
  • can take sagittal images and coronal
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26
Q

old name of CT

A

CAT

computer axial tomography

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27
Q

parts of CT/ CAT

A
  • gantry
  • rotating beam
  • multiple detectors
  • multiple 2d imaging pictures
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28
Q

Disadvantages of CT

A
  • expensive

- more exposure to radiation

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29
Q

How is a CT scan created

A
  • thousands of mathematical calculations calculate Voxel

with a pixel of 512x512

30
Q

What is Voxel

A

volume of tissue

31
Q

this scale assigns densities to tissues; quantitative

A

Hounsfield Unit scale

32
Q

examples of HU

A 
-1000 air 
0 Water 
20 to 40 soft tissue
40 old blood
80 to 100 acute blood
700 Medullar B
800 Corticullar B
1000 Metal
33
Q

Center of the gray scale

- set the HU for the interested organ or part

A

Level

34
Q

the width of the gray scale that surrounds the level

A

Window

35
Q

if pixel qualit is greater than defined window

A

pic will be white

36
Q

pixel density less than defined window

A

pic will be black

37
Q

patient’s right side is

A

on the left side

38
Q

Limit patient exposure to radiation

A

set ct xray dose low as possible

- images can be reformatted without additional xray needed

39
Q

Computed T Angiography

A
  • for arterial imaging
  • intercranial arteries for Aneurysm
  • Pumonary A for P embolism
  • contrast is injected
40
Q

This uses highly magnetic field and radio

A

MRI

41
Q

Has high modality magnets

A

MRI

42
Q

What can FMRI detect

A

Neurologic and Musculoskeletal imaging

43
Q

the parameters set result in the acquisition of a set of images

A

MR imaging sequence

44
Q

in what position should be when taking breast mri

A

PRONE

45
Q

when is Open magnets mri used

A

for children
obese people
claustrophobic people

46
Q

this is the chemical injected when doing mri scans

A

Gadolinium

47
Q

what to be cautious of when starting mri

A
  • implanted objects

because of the high strength magnetic field

48
Q

This uses high frequency sound waves

  • no ionization
  • acoustic gel used
A

Ultrasound

49
Q

what is the name of ultrasound inducers

A

Probes

50
Q

diff types of probes

A

linear probes

  • endo- cavitry probe
  • curved area
51
Q

this is a type of UT probe

- potimal for abdomial and obstetric imaging

A

Curved array

52
Q

this is a type of UT probe

- best for vascular and small superficial structures

A

Linear

53
Q

this is a type of UT probe

- best for prostate gland and female pelvic

A

Endo Cavitry

54
Q

Ultra sound are real time imaging

A

true

55
Q

what are the images of UT called

A

B-mode

56
Q

what is the depth of UT

A

declining as it goes further

57
Q

sound is reflected back from tissue to be measured by UT

A

Echoic

58
Q

ability to reflect waves in context of surrounding tissues

A

Echogenicity

59
Q

sound cannot reflect back
- it is pitch black
`

A

Anechoic

60
Q

sound is reflected back to the UT

  • probe is decreased
  • black screen
A

hypoechoic

61
Q

as white

A

Isoechoic

62
Q

sound reflected back is increased compared to other tissues

- white on screen

A

Hyperechoic

63
Q

PER-WHI-ISO

A

HYPERECHOIC
WHITE
ISOECHOIC

64
Q

PO-BLA-NA

A

HYPOECHOIC
BLACK
ANECHOIC

65
Q

Uses high frequency sound waves to to analyze flowing of liquids
- can change frequency to analyse blood flow

A

Doppler UT

66
Q

in what time and length is doppler ut analyzed

A

cm/secs

67
Q

what colors represent the flow of blood

A

towards probe- orange/red

away from probe- blue

68
Q

Permeable to one or another form of radiation, such as X-rays. Radiolucent objects do not block radiation but let it pass

A

radioluscent

69
Q

structures that are dense and resist the passage of x-rays. structures appear light or white in a radiographic image.

A

Radiopaque

70
Q

MRI image that is white

A

TW2

Module 3B musculoskeletal (4 decks)

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