Introduction To Dermatology Flashcards
What are the functions of the skin?
Thermoregulation Immune system Barrier to harmful substances & keeps in water, electrolytes and macromolecules Sensation Vitamin D synthesis Interpersonal communication (appearance)
What are the 5 layers of the skin?
Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale
What cells are present within the dermis?
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
What cells are present in the epidermis?
Melanocytes
Keratinocytes
Langerhans cells
What are the different parts of the nail?
Hyponychium Nail plate Lateral nail fold Lunula Cuticle Proximal nailfold Nail matrix.
What are the causes of external skin disease?
Photosensitivity (commonly caused by medications)
Cold injury i.e. frost bite, chilblains, cold urticaria
Trauma i.e. dermatitis artefacta
What are internal causes of skin disease?
Genetic i.e. neurofibromas
Drug reactions
Autoimmune
What are the names of a small and large fluid filled lesion?
Small = vesicle Large = bulla
What are the terms used to describe small and large circumscribed, non raised areas of the skin?
Small = macule Large = patch
What is term describes a small and large raised area of the skin?
Small = papule Large = plaque
What the difference between an erosion and an ulcer?
An erosion is loss of the epidermis but an ulcer is loss of epidermis and dermis
What is the name of the skin condition which has erythematous plaques + bullae?
Bullous pemphigoid
What is the presentation of leukocytoclastic vasculitis?
A mix of; Maculae Petechiae Purpura Papule
Give examples of cutaneous signs of certain conditions.
Eruptive xanthoma = hyperlipidaemia
Acanthosis nigricans = insulin resistance, obesity, malignancy
Pre tibial Myxedema = Graves’ disease
What investigation would you carry out if you suspected a bacterial skin infection?
Charcoal swab
MC & S for microscopy, culture and sensitivities
