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Dermatology > Infections and infestations of the skin > Flashcards

Infections and infestations of the skin Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what organism causes impetigo?

A

staph aureus

staph pyrogens to a lesser degree

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2
Q

what does impetigo look like?

A

yellow crusted erosions

rapid extension to surrounding skin

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3
Q

what are the pre disposing factors of impetigo?

A

warm temperatures, humidity
poor hygiene
skin trauma

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4
Q

what is the treatment for impetigo?

A

wound care

topical antibiotics

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5
Q

what organism causes folliculitis?

A

staph aureus

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6
Q

what is folliculitis?

A

infection of the hair follicles

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7
Q

where does folliculitis commonly affect?

A 
face
chest
back
axillae
buttocks
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8
Q

what are the pre disposing factors for folliculitis?

A 
occlusion
shaving or waxing 
maceration with hyper hydration 
topical corticosteroids 
diabetes
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9
Q

what is the treatment for folliculitis?

A

antibiotic ointments

antibacterial washes

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10
Q

how would you investigate the causative organism if you suspected folliculitis?

A

bacterial culture

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11
Q

what is erysipelas?

A

infection of the superficial dermis with lymphatic involvement

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12
Q

what is the presentation of erysipelas?

A

hot, tense erythema with well defined edges
patient may experience pyrexia, malaise, rigors, nausea
occurs in the face and lower extremities

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13
Q

what may lab results show with erysipelas?

A

elevated leukocyte count with a left shift

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14
Q

what is the treatment for erysipelas?

A

10-12 day course of penicillin

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15
Q

what organism is responsible for cellulitis?

A

staph aureus and strep pyrogens

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16
Q

what is cellulitis?

A

infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue

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17
Q

what are the predisposing factors for cellulitis?

A 
lymphoedema
diabetes
alcoholism
IV drug abuse
peripheral vascular disease
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18
Q

what is the presentation of cellulitis?

A

shows 4 cardinal signs of inflammation:

  • erythema (rubor)
  • swelling (tumor)
  • heat (calor)
  • pain (dolor)
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19
Q

what is the most common distribution of cellulitis in adults and children?

A 
children = head and neck
adults = extremities
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20
Q

what is the treatment for cellulitis?

A

anti biotics

21
Q

what organisms causes syphilis?

A

treponema pallidum

22
Q

what is the presentation of primary, secondary and tertiary syphilis?

A 
primary = painless sore/ulcer known as a chancre
secondary = wide spread rash + flu like symptoms 
tertiary = solitary granulomatous lesions (gummas) found on skin, mouth, throat or in bone
23
Q

where would you find a chancre of primary syphilis?

A

genitals
anus
mouth

24
Q

where does a secondary syphilis rash typically occur?

A

trunk
palms
soles of the feet

25
Q

how would you test for syphilis?

A

non-specific non-treponema test (VDRL)

specific anti-treponema antibody test (TTPA)

26
Q

what is the treatment for syphilis?

A

penicillin (injection)

27
Q

what is the treatment for herpes simplex?

A

anti-viral (topical or systemic depending)

28
Q

what organism that causes chicken pox?

A

varicella-zoster

29
Q

what organism is responsible for shingles?

A

herpes zoster

30
Q

what are complications from shingles?

A

infection
post herpetic neuralgia
(pain in the area after the virus goes away)

31
Q

what virus is responsible for warts?

A

human papilloma virus

32
Q

what are the treatments for warts?

A

cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen)

salicylic acid

33
Q

what organism is responsible for molluscum contagiousm?

A

poxvirus

34
Q

what is the presentation of molluscum contagiosum?

A

lesions are firm, umbillicated, pearly papule with waxy surface
most common in skin folds and genital region

35
Q

what is the treatment for molluscum contagiosum?

A

curettage
liquid nitrogen
chemovesicants

36
Q

what is the organism that causes ring worm?

A

fungal - tinea corporis

37
Q

what is the type of fungus that causes ring worm?

A

dermatophyte - tinea corporis

38
Q

what infections are candida albicans responsible for?

A

mucocutaneous candida infections

39
Q

what is the presentation of mucocutaneous candida infections?

A

erythema patches
often accompanied by satellite pustules
settling lesions around patch

40
Q

what are the pre disposing factors for mucocutaneous candida infections?

A 
diabetes
occlusion i.e. napppy rash
hyperhidrosis 
brand spectrum antibiotics
immunosuppression
41
Q

what is the treatment for mucocutaneous candida infections?

A

remove predisposing factor

topical/oral anti-fungals

42
Q

what organism is responsible for pityriasis versicolor?

A

malassezia sp.

43
Q

what is the presentation of pityriasis versicolor?

A

multiple oval round patches with mild scale

occurs in sebum riches areas of the skin

44
Q

what are the predisposing factors for pityriasis versicolor?

A

high temperatures
humidity
oily skin
excessive sweating

45
Q

what is the treatment for pityriasis versicolor?

A

topical antimycotic

46
Q

what organism causes scabies?

A

sarcoptes scabie

47
Q

what a re the pre disposing factors for scabies?

A

over crowding
direct close contact with an infected person
delayed treatment

48
Q

what is the presentation of scabies?

A

burrows that appear as grey irregular tracts between webs of fingers, palms and wrists
also affects trunk and limbs - sparing the scalp

49
Q

what is the treatment for scabies?

A

anti-scabietic topical treatment (oral if severe)

Dermatology (11 decks)

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