Infections and infestations of the skin

Question 1

what organism causes impetigo?

Answer 1

staph aureus

staph pyrogens to a lesser degree

Question 2

what does impetigo look like?

Answer 2

yellow crusted erosions

rapid extension to surrounding skin

Question 3

what are the pre disposing factors of impetigo?

Answer 3

warm temperatures, humidity
poor hygiene
skin trauma

Question 4

what is the treatment for impetigo?

Answer 4

wound care

topical antibiotics

Question 5

what organism causes folliculitis?

Answer 5

staph aureus

Question 6

what is folliculitis?

Answer 6

infection of the hair follicles

Question 7

where does folliculitis commonly affect?

Answer 7

face
chest
back
axillae
buttocks

Question 8

what are the pre disposing factors for folliculitis?

Answer 8

occlusion
shaving or waxing 
maceration with hyper hydration 
topical corticosteroids 
diabetes

Question 9

what is the treatment for folliculitis?

Answer 9

antibiotic ointments

antibacterial washes

Question 10

how would you investigate the causative organism if you suspected folliculitis?

Answer 10

bacterial culture

Question 11

what is erysipelas?

Answer 11

infection of the superficial dermis with lymphatic involvement

Question 12

what is the presentation of erysipelas?

Answer 12

hot, tense erythema with well defined edges
patient may experience pyrexia, malaise, rigors, nausea
occurs in the face and lower extremities

Question 13

what may lab results show with erysipelas?

Answer 13

elevated leukocyte count with a left shift

Question 14

what is the treatment for erysipelas?

Answer 14

10-12 day course of penicillin

Question 15

what organism is responsible for cellulitis?

Answer 15

staph aureus and strep pyrogens

Question 16

what is cellulitis?

Answer 16

infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Question 17

what are the predisposing factors for cellulitis?

Answer 17

lymphoedema
diabetes
alcoholism
IV drug abuse
peripheral vascular disease

Question 18

what is the presentation of cellulitis?

Answer 18

shows 4 cardinal signs of inflammation:

• erythema (rubor)
• swelling (tumor)
• heat (calor)
• pain (dolor)

Question 19

what is the most common distribution of cellulitis in adults and children?

Answer 19

children = head and neck
adults = extremities

Question 20

what is the treatment for cellulitis?

Answer 20

anti biotics

Question 21

what organisms causes syphilis?

Answer 21

treponema pallidum

Question 22

what is the presentation of primary, secondary and tertiary syphilis?

Answer 22

primary = painless sore/ulcer known as a chancre
secondary = wide spread rash + flu like symptoms 
tertiary = solitary granulomatous lesions (gummas) found on skin, mouth, throat or in bone

Question 23

where would you find a chancre of primary syphilis?

Answer 23

genitals
anus
mouth

Question 24

where does a secondary syphilis rash typically occur?

Answer 24

trunk
palms
soles of the feet

Question 25

how would you test for syphilis?

Answer 25

non-specific non-treponema test (VDRL) | specific anti-treponema antibody test (TTPA)

Question 26

what is the treatment for syphilis?

Answer 26

penicillin (injection)

Question 27

what is the treatment for herpes simplex?

Answer 27

anti-viral (topical or systemic depending)

Question 28

what organism that causes chicken pox?

Answer 28

varicella-zoster

Question 29

what organism is responsible for shingles?

Answer 29

herpes zoster

Question 30

what are complications from shingles?

Answer 30

infection post herpetic neuralgia (pain in the area after the virus goes away)

Question 31

what virus is responsible for warts?

Answer 31

human papilloma virus

Question 32

what are the treatments for warts?

Answer 32

cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen) | salicylic acid

Question 33

what organism is responsible for molluscum contagiousm?

Answer 33

poxvirus

Question 34

what is the presentation of molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 34

lesions are firm, umbillicated, pearly papule with waxy surface most common in skin folds and genital region

Question 35

what is the treatment for molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 35

curettage liquid nitrogen chemovesicants

Question 36

what is the organism that causes ring worm?

Answer 36

fungal - tinea corporis

Question 37

what is the type of fungus that causes ring worm?

Answer 37

dermatophyte - tinea corporis

Question 38

what infections are candida albicans responsible for?

Answer 38

mucocutaneous candida infections

Question 39

what is the presentation of mucocutaneous candida infections?

Answer 39

erythema patches often accompanied by satellite pustules settling lesions around patch

Question 40

what are the pre disposing factors for mucocutaneous candida infections?

Answer 40

``` diabetes occlusion i.e. napppy rash hyperhidrosis brand spectrum antibiotics immunosuppression ```

Question 41

what is the treatment for mucocutaneous candida infections?

Answer 41

remove predisposing factor | topical/oral anti-fungals

Question 42

what organism is responsible for pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 42

malassezia sp.

Question 43

what is the presentation of pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 43

multiple oval round patches with mild scale | occurs in sebum riches areas of the skin

Question 44

what are the predisposing factors for pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 44

high temperatures humidity oily skin excessive sweating

Question 45

what is the treatment for pityriasis versicolor?

Answer 45

topical antimycotic

Question 46

what organism causes scabies?

Answer 46

sarcoptes scabie

Question 47

what a re the pre disposing factors for scabies?

Answer 47

over crowding direct close contact with an infected person delayed treatment

Question 48

what is the presentation of scabies?

Answer 48

burrows that appear as grey irregular tracts between webs of fingers, palms and wrists also affects trunk and limbs - sparing the scalp

Question 49

what is the treatment for scabies?

Answer 49

anti-scabietic topical treatment (oral if severe)