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Y3 MOD Dermatology > Introduction to dermatology > Flashcards

Introduction to dermatology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 main presenting clinical signs in dermatology consultations?

A
  • Pruritis
  • Swellings
  • Otitis
  • Alopecia
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2
Q

What are some of the most common causes of presenting dermatological problems?

A
  • Bacterial infection
  • Parasitic
  • Neoplastic
  • Allergic
  • Fungal
  • Metabolic
  • Immune mediated
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3
Q

What are some of the main dermatological differences between dogs and cats?

A
  • 2ndry bacterial skin infections much more common in dogs
  • Cat bite abscess is the most common feline infection
  • Primary infections e.g. Dermatophytosis or viral are uncommon, but more common in cats than dogs
  • Endocrinopathies are rare in cats although more common in dogs
  • Neoplasia more common in dogs
  • Parasites and allergy are common in both
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4
Q

What are the benefits of dermatological lesions on the outside of the body?

A
  • Facilitates examination and sampling

- Can monitor treatment response

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5
Q

What are common pitfalls in dermatology consults/therapy?

A
  • Disregarding history
  • Failure to appreciate clinical signs
  • Not taking a logical, problem oriented approach
  • Errors in taking diagnostic samples
  • Errors in allergy testing (it is not a diagnostic test, just a means to decide treatment)
  • Errors in interpreting results
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6
Q

Give examples of host factors which can influence dermatology

A
  • Age, breed, sex
  • Coat colour
  • Weight (change)
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7
Q

What are the 3 most common dermatological differentials in cases less than a year old?

A
  • Parasites
  • Congenital
  • Food induced atopic dermatitis
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8
Q

What are the 3 most common dermatological differentials in adult cases?

A
  • Immune mediated
  • Endocrine
  • Food induced atopic dermatitis
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9
Q

What are the 3 most common dermatological differentials in elderly cases?

A
  • Neoplastic
  • Metabolic
  • Food induced atopic dermatitis
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10
Q

West highland terriers are predisposed to which dermatological condidion?

A

Atopic dermatitis

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11
Q

Males are predisposed to which dermatological problem?

A

Sertoli cell tumours

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12
Q

Give examples of general history questions to all patients

A
  • Appetite and thirst?
  • Vomiting or diarrhoea?
  • Number of stools per day?
  • Sneezing or conjunctivitis?
  • Seasonal history?
  • Neurological signs?
  • Drug history? Vaccinations?
  • Exercise tolerance
  • Concurrent disease?
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13
Q

Give examples of questions that should be asked to all patients when obtaining their dermatological history

A
  • Symptoms?
  • Onset and duration
  • How and when it started, has it progressed?
  • Is it itchy?
  • Is it seasonal?
  • Any previous treatments?
  • Does it worsen or improve in certain environments?
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14
Q

What are some examples of chronic dermatological conditions?

A

Allergies
Metabolic
Endocrine
Neoplastic

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15
Q

What are some examples of acute dermatological conditions?

A

Parasites
Infectious
Immune mediated
Hypersensitivity

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16
Q

Waxing and waning duration is associated with which dermatological conditions?

A

Allergic

Immune mediated

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17
Q

Progressive duration is associated with which dermatological conditions?

A

Metabolic
Endocrine
Neoplastic

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18
Q

Intermittent duration is associated with which dermatological conditions?

A

Parasites

Infections

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19
Q

A dorso-lumbar itchy distribution indiates?

A

Fleas

20
Q

Feet, face, ear pinnae, ventrum +/- perineum itchy distribution indicates?

A

Atopic dermatitis

21
Q

Severity of itching is measured using?

A

The visual analogue scale

- subjective measure of pruritus from 0-10

22
Q

Atopic dermatitis is seasonally at what time of year?

A

Summer

23
Q

Late summer-autumn seasonal itching can be indicative of?

A

Harvest mites

24
Q

Steroid treatment commonly causes which adverse effect?

A

Excessive drinking

25
Q

What factors need to be considered when asking an owner about flea treatment?

A
  • Product(s)
  • Frequency
  • Last application
  • In contact-animals?
26
Q

What is a primary dermatological lesion?

A
  • Initial eruption develops spontaneously due to underlying disease e.g. papule or pustule
  • Usually transient
  • Sample to aid diagnosis
27
Q

What is a secondary dermatological lesion?

A
  • Evolve from primary lesions or external factors e.g. crust evolves from a pustule
  • May help with diagnosis
28
Q

How many layers make up the epidermis?

A

4

29
Q

What are the main cells in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

30
Q

What are some of the main anatomical features of the dermis?

A
  • Blood vessels & nerves
  • Hair follicles
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Sweat glands
31
Q

Give some examples of primary lesions

A
  • Pustule
  • Papule
  • Papular-macular rash
  • Alopecia
  • Erythematous plaques
32
Q

Give some examples of secondary lesions

A
  • Lichenification (thick, leathery skin)
  • thinned skin
  • crusts and erosions
  • Epidermal collarettes
  • Scale
  • Ulcers
  • Comedones
33
Q

What do Epidermal collarettes look like?

A

Rim of scale around a circular lesion

Occur secondary to pustules

34
Q

Scale occurs secondary to?

A

Chronic inflammation

35
Q

What are Comedones?

A

Pores or hair follicles that have gotten blocked with bacteria, oil, and dead skin cells to form a bump on your skin (like a black head)

36
Q

What is lichenification?

A

Thickening of all skin layers in response to chronic inflammation

37
Q

What are erosions?

A

Loss of epidermis above basement membrane

38
Q

What are ulcers?

A

Loss of epidermis through the basement membrane into the dermis

39
Q

Superficial bacterial pyoderma contains a mix of which primary and secondary lesions?

A
  • Papules
  • Pustules
  • Crusts
  • Epidermal collarettes
  • Pigmented macules
40
Q

A bilateral symmetrical dermatological distribution indicates? give an example

A

Inside out disease e.g. atopic dermatitis

41
Q

An irregular distribution of dermatological disease indicates? give an example

A

Outside-in disease e.g. Dermatophytosis

42
Q

What needs to be considered when performing a hair coat examination?

A
  • Change in colour?
  • Change in texture?
  • Easily epilated? e.g., telogen?
  • Broken hairs - self trauma?
  • Follicular casts?
43
Q

What is a Follicular cast?

A

An accumulation of keratinous debris around the hair shaft seen protruding from the follicular ostium or present when hairs are plucked and examined. Indicates a defect of follicular keratinisation.

44
Q

If follicular casts are found which 4 conditions are indicated?

A

Demodex
Pyoderma
Malassezia
Sebaceous adenitis

45
Q

For each lesion found which 4 parts of it need to be described?

A
  • Configuration
  • Morphology (primary/secondary)
  • Distribution
  • Evolution

Y3 MOD Dermatology (12 decks)

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