Introduction to dental public health Flashcards
what are the major health concerns today
general health and oral health
what are some of the big concerns in oral health
dental caries in children
what are non communicable diseases
they are not transmissible from person to person
what types of services are required to tackle problems
treatment
screening/anticipatory care
prevention: social/environmental
what is secondary care
hospital care
what is tertiary care
highly specialized care
what is screening/anticipatory care
actual services that sole purpose is early detection
dentists can get involved in early detection
what are the 3 levels to prevention
policy, community, clinical
what did the kerr report state on the management of chronic problems
we are using an acute care mentality i.e reacting to the disease
what did the kerr report state on deprived groups
they often suffer under the inverse care law
often receive inappropriate services
what is the inverse care law
most health care is provided to those who need it least
how do deprived groups often receive inappropriate services
relatively high rates of emergency care and low rates of schedules care (episodic/disjointed)
how should we reorientate our services (recommendation for the future report)
primary care system to be focused on prevention of ill health and detection and managements of problems at early stage
preventative, anticipatory care where possible rather than only reactive management
what is the definition for anticipatory care
planned intervention to achieve early diagnosis/treatment of a condition which may not yet be producing symptoms or recognized as producing symptoms
what does anticipatory care help reduce
unavoidable unscheduled acute admissions for people with preexisting conditions
what is realistic medicine
shared decision making with patients
personalized approach
managing risk/prevnetion better
what is the definition of public health
the science and practice of preventing diseases, promoting health and improving quality of life through the organized efforts of society
what is public health about
improving population health
what are the stages of individual clinical practice
history & examination diagnosis treatment planning treatment follow up & review
what are the stages to public health practice
assessment of need analysis of data planning of services to meet needs programme implementation evaluation of outcome
what are the aims of dental public health
to improve and tackle inequalities in oral health and health care through appropriate preventative, health promotion, anticipatory care and treatment services
what are the challenges to the aims of dental public health
reducing oral health inequalities
improve oral health
oral health importance to general health
aging population
how are we trying to improve oral health and care services
preventative anticipatory care now recommended rather than reactive management
recognizing that treatment services alone have major limitations to improving health of the public
what are the main roles of public health
epidemiology
health needs assemment
preventing diseases and health improvement
addressing health inequalities
policy development
development and implementation of local health strategies
service development the development of clinical pathways
patient safety
improving governance systems and quality improvement
evaluating health services
teaching and training
research
what are the major roles of epidemiology
monitoring infectious diseases
monitoring non-infectious dinner (cancer registries, dental caries surveys)
measuring health and inequalities in health
determine risk factors associated with diseases
strategic planning
evaluation of effectiveness of service provision
what does prevention and oral health improvement require
understanding of social, political, economic and environmental factors
implemented at community and individual patient level
prevention pivotal to role of clinical dental team
what are the determinants of oral health status
there is a correlation between health status and social/environmental factors
factors influencing eating habits and use of fluoride products major determinants of dental health status
what are factors that can influence eating habits and use of fluoride products
financial restraints
access issues
family, peer pressure
education
what are life circumstances that influence health
general education commercial influences peer pressure social isolation environment access culture housing
what are lifestyle influences on health
eating smoking alcohol physical activity drug misuse
how do you develop a policy
lobbying
negotiating
facilitating change
what are the most effective policies
those that target pricing, marketing and availability
what are examples of public health policies
sugar tax
alcohol minimum unit pricing
progressive income tax - redistribution
what are the dimensions of healthcare quality
person centred safe effective efficient equitable timely
what is the criteria for a public health problem
provenance of the condition
impact of the condition on an individual level e.g fatal, debilitating
impact on wider society e.g economic costs to country
condition is preventable and effective treatments are available
