Health Promotion Flashcards
What are the life stages that health promotion works with
early years
young people
adults in later life
adults in work
What are the settings for health promotion
schools workplace community primary care hospitals prisons
What is the first stage of health promotion
planning
What is the framework for planning
- identify needs and priorities
- set aims and objectives
- decide best ways to achieve the aims
- identify resources
- plan evaluation methods
- set an action plan
- ACTION - implement your plan including your evaluation
What is the background information required when planning
epidemiology
what is currently available
what group would benefit from
information from literature searches
What is the difference between the aims and objectives
aims = broad goals objectives = specific and define what participants achieve at the end of the intervention
What are the diff types of objectives
educational
knowledge
affective
behaviors
What are knowledge objectives
increase in level of knowledge
What are affective objectives
changes in attitudes and beliefs
What are behavior objectives
acquisition of new skills and competencies
What is the acronym used in the guide to setting useful objectives (stage 2)
SMART
What does SMART stand for
specific - precise measurable - easily assessed appropriate - needs of individual/group realistic - achievable yet challenging time related - timescale to assess changes
What are different options in stage 3 - identify appropriate methods for achieving objectives
community development
mass media
professional development
social media
What happens in stage 4
have to identify recourses
decide on funding - where is it coming from
Why is stage 5 (evaluation) so important)
integral aspect of all planned health promotion activity
What is considered in stage 5 - evaluation
process
impact
outcome
What should be done in setting and action plan (stage 6)
identify tasks, person responsible for task
recourses to be used
timescale/timeline
means of evaluation
What does evaluation needed for
to assess results, determine whether objectives have been met, and find out if methods used were appropriate and efficient
set aside 10% of budget for it
What are the 3Es in evaluation
efficiency
effectiveness
economy
What do you look at in efficiency in evaluation
assess what has been achieved
did an intervention have its intended effect
What do you look at in effectiveness in evaluation
measure its impact and whether it was worthwhile
What do you look at in economy in evaluation
was it cost effective
was time money and labour well spent
What is the importance of evaluation
inform future plans
justify decisions to others
What does process evaluation aim to be
practical
What does process evaluation address
process of program implementation/dissemination
What does process evaluation do
looks at participants perceptions/reactions
soft data often collected, interviews, observations etc
tells us about the particular program and factors responsible for success or failure
What does impact evaluation refer to
immediate effects, often done at end of program
What does impact evaluation use
questionnaires to determine change in behavior/increase in knowledge
hard data is collected
often easier to do
What does outcome evaluation do
involves the assessment of longer term effects
looks at changes in behavior a year later
PREFERRED method but more difficult
What is the disadvantages of outcome evaluation
more difficult to do
more costly
What are research methods used in evaluation
semi structured interviews observations focus groups self response surveys interview based surveys telephone interviews use of both qualitative and quantitative useful
What is mass media defined as
as any printed or audio-visual material designed to reach a mass audience.
this includes newspapers, magazines, radio, television, billboards, exhibition displays, posters and leaflets
What are the advantages of mass media
can raise consciousness, place health on the public agenda
convey simple information
more effective if it is part of an integrated campaign including elements such as one-to-one advice
information is ‘new’ and is seen to be relevant for the viewer
What can mass media not do
convey complex information
teach skills
shift people’s attitudes, beliefs
Message will be ignored if challenges basic beliefs
change behaviour in the absence of other enabling factors.
What is child smile
A national programme designed to improve the oral health of children in Scotland and reduce inequalities both in dental health and access to dental services
What are the main components of child smile
Childsmile Core
Childsmile Nursery & School
Childsmile Practice
What is child smile core
Every child receives toothbrushes and toothpaste for home use to the age of 5
supervised toothbrushing in nurseries and in deprived schools (p1 and 2)
What is child smile nursery and school
20% most deprived nursery and P1-P4 populations are targeted for fluoride varnish application
Fluoride varnish applied 6 monthly by dental nurses in education setting
Follow-up of children who are not regular attenders
What do primary care dentists get paid for in child smile
toothbrushing demo
dietary advise
fluoride varnish
Who do you apply fluoride varnish to
children > 2 years
apply 2 times a year
What do you look at in the holiday logic model in evaluation
Input, activities outputs short term outcomes long term outcomes
What are the 5 key areas for action in health promotion
building healthy public policy creating supportive environments strengthening community action developing personal skills reorienting health services
