Introduction to dementia Flashcards
1
Q
%AZ of all dementia cases
A
60
2
Q
length it lasts
A
3-20 years, average 7-8
3
Q
risk after 65
A
doubles every 5 years
4
Q
annual cost of patient
A
over £25,000
5
Q
total cost and breakdown
A
- £23 billion
- 55% unpaid carers
- 40% on social care
6
Q
mild dementia symptoms
A
- episodic and semantic memory issues
- thinking and decision making affected
- can live independently
7
Q
moderate dementia symptoms
A
- disoriented in time and space
- confused
- apathetic
- hallucinations
- personality changes
8
Q
severe dementia
A
- forget own identity
- don’t recognise others
- can’t communicate
- poor control over bodily functions
- loss of mobility
9
Q
early stage pathology
A
lack of glucose and neurotransmitters in the brain
10
Q
beta amyloid plaque formation
A
short fragments of beta-amyloid released from neurone membrane
11
Q
beta amyloid effect
A
accumulate and interfere with function of neurones
12
Q
neurofibrillary tangle formation
A
tau protein holds microtubules together
separates causing tubules to fall apart
13
Q
tangle effect
A
proteins tangle in cell
stops functioning of transport system
cell dies
14
Q
overall pathological effects
A
- neurones die and brain shrinks
- sulci and ventricles expand
15
Q
Alzheimer case study
A
- Auguste D
- memory loss, confusion paranoia
- analysed brain tissue and drew tangles and plaques
