History of the brain

Question 1

Galen

Answer 1

• nerves connected brain to body
• ventricles filled with animal spirits
• personality dictated by humours

Question 2

DaVinci

Answer 2

• ventricles have specific function

Question 3

Descartes

Answer 3

• stimulus processed in pineal gland
• passed to mind and back again
• send fluid to muscles to swell

Question 4

Descartes problems

Answer 4

• pineal gland not for high level function
• nerves don’t communicate with fluid
• non-material and physical interaction

Question 5

Descartes legacy

Answer 5

• disconnect causes mental disorders
• people treated like animals
• people thought about materialism

Question 6

Thomas Willis

Answer 6

• wrote cerebral anatomy
• father of neuroscience
• localisation theory

Question 7

Gall

Answer 7

• phrenology
• brain = muscle so enlarges with use

Question 8

Broca

Answer 8

• tan
• hole in left frontal lobe
• language is left side

Question 9

Wernicke

Answer 9

• lesion on left temporal lobe
• produce speech but no understanding

Question 10

Golgi

Answer 10

• stain for neurones
• only 1 in 20
• everything connected

Question 11

Cajal

Answer 11

• neurone doctrine

Question 12

Brodmann

Answer 12

• layout different for areas

Question 13

single neurone recording

Answer 13

• AP of a neurone
• responsiveness to stimulus

Question 14

Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalography

Answer 14

• neurone group
• average wave graph

Question 15

fMRI

Answer 15

• measures blood flow

Question 16

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 16

• magnetic field disrupts activity

Question 17

Galvani

Answer 17

• electricity not fluid