AD causes, treatments and diagnosis

Question 1

early onset mutations

Answer 1

• PS1 on chrom 14
• PS2 on chrom 1
• APP on chrom 21
• cause plaque build up

Question 2

early onset inheritance and chances

Answer 2

• autosomal dominance
• one copy inc chance 4x
• two copies inc chance 10-20x

Question 3

late onset mutations

Answer 3

• APOE on chrom 19 has 3 forms
• APOE4 is faulty gene

Question 4

APOE4 frequency in AD

Answer 4

35%

Question 5

Shannon 2003

Answer 5

Mediterranean diet 23% lower risk

Question 6

Livingstone 2004

Answer 6

• 45% cases causes by 14 modifiable factors
• hearing impairment
• physical inactivity
• mid-life alcohol consumption

Question 7

AD diagnosis criteria

Answer 7

• problems interfering with daily actions
• increasing deficit in 2+ areas of cog function

Question 8

MCI to AD

Answer 8

• 12% after 1 year
• 50% after 5 years

Question 9

EClipSE study

Answer 9

• 872 brains analysed
• AD pathology same despite years or level of education
• more educated people less likely AD as can deal with pathology

Question 10

AD drugs

Answer 10

• cholinesterase boost acetylcholine
• NDMA inhibitors block glutamate which is released in large quantities and is toxic to surrounding cells
• immunotherapy uses monoclonal antibodies to break down beta-amyloid