Introduction to Criminology - Level of crime Flashcards
What was used instead of official crime statistics?
They used court records to see the difference levels of crime. Until the 19th century.
What crime did official statistics show declined in the second half of the 19th century?
Violent crime
What did Ted Gurr focus on recording?
Only the most serious crime
What did Taylor suggest that the police do?
That they deliberately left many murders and suspicious deaths uninvestigated in order to limit both the number and the cost of prosecutions.
Sevenson, 1979:298 said?
Deal with attitudes and beliefs which represented a particular moment in social and political development
What was the preception of crime in the 17th and 18th century?
17th - Crime was tied to the idea of sins and religious morality. The power of the church.
18th - Need and desire for something you don’t have or to protect private property.
What is a hooligan?
All manner of youthful misbehaviour, and was associated with street gangs.
What did the changing of the public attitudes towards crime allow?
- more reports of criminal activity and crime
- crime prevention became more attainable
Why dosen’t recent histories of crime and criminal law use criminology much?
Its indifferent to what intrests historians most. e.g cultural, political and economic change.
What were the early concerns of crime historians?
- Progressive reform
- Presentism, lessons from the past can assist the modern criminal justice system
- The relationship between criminal history and social history, wealthy land owners controlled what crime was.
Name 3 seminal works in crime history.
Michael Foucault - Discipline and punishment 1975 - The coercive technologies of control
John Lea - Crime and modernity: continuities in left realist criminology (2002)
David Garland - Punishment and welfare (1985)
Jock Young - The exclusive society: social exclusion, crime and difference in late modernity
What is Lax Personal Morality?
A problem of the poor’s lax personal morality caused by a perceived breakdown in traditional employment roles and forms of authority.
What are the criminal classes?
Urban Phenomenon - a city issue
Low on the social spectrum (morality and self control issues)
Deficient values - born or educated into crime through generations
What is Eugenics?
Breed out criminals (sterilisation, Hitler), certain characteristics
What is the underclass according to Jock Young?
Left Realist Jock Young says the underclass is:
1. Failure of the system to provide jobs (capitalism)
2. Stigmatising and stereotyping particular groups as criminogenic. ( victims if social injustice)
3. Individuals with a divergent value-set
