Introduction to Computing Flashcards
1
Q
What is the quote of “Harvey Mackay”?
A
“Technology should improve your life, not become your life.”
2
Q
What is digital literacy?
A
It involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile devices, the web, and related technologies.
3
Q
What is computer?
A
It’s an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in it’s own memory.
4
Q
The flow of a computer?
A
Accepts Data (Inputs) => Processing => Produce Information
5
Q
Types of computers?
A
- Notebook (Laptop)
- Tablet
- Desktop & All-in-Ones (AIO)
- Servers
- Smartphone
- Digital Camera
- Portable & Digital Media Players
- E-Book Readers
- Wearable Devices
- Game Devices
6
Q
Data contains?
A
- Raw Facts
- No Meaning
- Requires Processing
- Can’t understand it
- Unfiltered
7
Q
Information contains?
A
- Process data
- Has meaning
- Has structure
- Is useful
- Provide answers
- Can be understood
8
Q
Key differences between Data & Information
A
- Data is a collection of facts, while information puts those facts into context
- While data is raw and unorganized, information is organized
- Data, on its own, is meaningless. When it’s analyzed and interpreted, it becomes meaningful information
- Data does not depend on information, however information depends on data
- Data typically comes in form of graphs, numbers, figures, or statistics. Information is typically presented through words, language, thoughts, and ideas
- Data isn’t sufficient for decision making, but you can make a decision based on information
9
Q
What is input device?
A
is any hardware that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device.
10
Q
It contains keys you to press to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device
A
Keyboard
11
Q
Is an input device that allows user to control a small symbol on the screen called the pointer
A
Pointing device
12
Q
Some of mobile devices and computers enable you to speak data instructions using __, and to capture live full-motion images using __?
A
Voice Input and Video Input
13
Q
It’s a light-sensing input device that converts printed text and images into a form the computer can process
A
Scanner
14
Q
Is an output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium, such as paper or other material
A
Printer
15
Q
Allow you to hear audio such as music, voice, and other sounds
A
Speakers
16
Q
it’s any hardware components that convey information from a computer or mobile device to one or more people
A
Output Device
17
Q
It consist of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and the data needed by those instructions.
A
Memory
18
Q
A __ keeps data, instructions, and information on storage media.
A
Computer
19
Q
It records (writes) and or retrieves (reads) items to and from__?
A
Storage Device
20
Q
Magnetic storage medium for a computer
A
Hard disk
21
Q
Stores persistent data on solid-state flash memory
A
Solid-State drive
22
Q
it is a data storage that includes flash memory with an integrated USB interface.
A
USB Flash drive
23
Q
Is a storage medium used to store digital data through optical technology
A
Optical disc
24
Q
How the optical disk is being read?
A
It being read by directing a lower-power laser beam on to it and detecting the amount of light reflected.
25
WORM disk stand for?
'write once read many'
26
A mode of computer data storage in which digital data is stored on servers in off-site locations
Cloud storage
27
It is the outer shelf of all other main internal components of the computer.
Computer System Unit
28
System unit are also called as?
Computer case or Computer tower
29
What is the main function of the computer system unit?
To fix all the other components together and protect sensitive electronic components from external components.
30
It is the main internal hardware component of the system unit.
Motherboard
31
Why the board in computer, is called "motherboards"?
It has all the connectors that connect to the other hardware components of the computer system.
32
(I/O) stand for?
Input and Output
33
It is the hardware component responsible for all the operations performance in the computer system.
CPU or Processor
34
CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit
35
What are the two main components of CPU?
CU and ALU
36
CU stand for?
Control Unit
37
ALU stand for?
Arithmetic Logic Unit
38
What is the function of control unit?
It fetches instructions from memory and executes them to control input and output devices.
39
What is the function of Arithmetic Logic Unit?
It performs arithmetic and logic processing.
40
The speed of the processor is measured in?
Mega hertz (MHz) or
Giga hertz (GHz)
41
A procedure repeats a set of four basic operations, what are those.
1. Fetching
2. Decoding
3. Executing
4. Storing
42
Explain each of those 4 basic operations of processor.
1. Fetching - process of obtaining a program instruction or data item from memory.
2. Decoding - process of translating the instruction into signals the computer can execute
3. Executing - process of carrying out the commands
4. Storing - writing results to memory
43
A __ is the smallest unit of data the computer can process.
Bit
44
A __ is 8 bits grouped together as a unit.
Byte
45
The total of unique combine does bit have?
256
46
It is __ that represents character are defined by a patterns called coding schemes.
Binary
47
It is the most widely used coding scheme.
ASCII
48
ASCII stand for?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
49
It is the basic unit in memory.
Byte
50
Manufacturer states the size of memory and storage devices in terms of the __ of available storage.
Number of bytes
51
What is volatile memory?
Memory that looses it's contents when the power is turned off.
52
What is non-volatile memory?
Memory that does not loose it's contents when the power is turned off.
53
Types of volatile and non-volatile memory.
Volatile : RAM
Non-Volatile : ROM, Flash Memory and CMOS
54
What is RAM?
(Random Access Memory) is the main of a computer system, and it's function is to temporarily store data.
55
The larger the RAM, the faster the __ can access data.
CPU
56
What is cache?
is a high-speed data storage layer which stores a subset of data, so that the feature requests for the data are served up faster than is possible by accessing the data's primary storage location.
57
What is the function of Cache?
Allows you to efficiently reuse previously retrieved or computer data.
58
What is ROM?
(Read-Only Memory) is a non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.
59
Data stored in ROM are electronically modifiable?
False
60
Full form of memory sizes.
1 bit
1 Nibble
1 Kilobyte (KB) - 2^10
1 Megabyte (MB) - 2^20
1 Gigabyte (GB) - 2^30
1 Terabyte (TB) - 2^40
1 Petabyte (PB) - 2^50
1 Exabyte (EB) - 2^60
1 Zettabyte (ZB) - 2^70
1 Yottabyte (YB) - 2^80
1 Brontobyte - 2^90
1 Geopbyte - 2^100
61
What is flash memory?
is a type of non-volatile memory that erases data in units called blocks and rewrites data at the byte level.
62
CMOS stand for?
Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
63
What is CMOS?
is a type of technology to construct integrated circuits, including microprocessors, microcontrollers, and memory chips.
64
CMOS technology is also known as for?
it's low power consumption and high noise immunity.
65
The term "CMOS" are also commonly refers to?
A small amount of memory on a computer's motherboard that stores BIOS settings.
66
What is expansion slot?
It is a connectors on a computer's motherboard that allow you to add additional hardware components, known as adapter cards or expansion cards.
67
The expansion slot can enable you to upgrade or expand a computer's capabilities, what are the examples of those capabilities that provides additional functionality when you insert the cards?
1. Improved graphics
2. Sound
3. Network
4. Connectivity
5. Storage
68
What is the adapter cards?
It is a circuit boards that plug into the expansion slots.
69
Common types of adapter cards are?
1. Graphics Cards
2. Sound Cards
3. Network Cards
4. Storage Controller Cards
70
Functionality of graphics cards, sound cards, network cards, and storage controller cards.
1. Enhanced video performance
2. Better audio quality
3. Ethernet or Wifi Connectivity
4. Additional hard drives or SSDs
71
What is the input of a computer?
Data
72
What is the output of a computer?
Information
73
It is a type of computer programs designed to help you perform specific tasks.
Application Software
74
Types of Application Software.
1. Productivity Software
2. Entertainment Software
3. Multi-Media Software
4. Communication Software
5. Entertainment Software
75
It facilitates the exchange
of information between individuals or groups.
Communication Software
76
It includes programs
designed for leisure and enjoyment.
Entertainment Software
77
It is designed to create, edit,
and manage various types of media, including
images, videos, audio, and animations.
Multi-media Software
78
is designed to help users
perform tasks that increase efficiency in work or
business environments.
Productivity Software
79
It is a type of computer program
designed to manage and control the hardware
components of a computer.
System Software
80
It is the most important type
of system software.
Operating Software
81
OS initializes
the hardware components through a process, called?
Booting
82
It loads the ___ (the core part of the OS) into memory,
sets up system processes, and prepares the system for use.
Kernel
83
10 Functions of OS
1. Starting and Shutting Down a Computer
2. Providing a User Interface
3. Managing Memory
4. Coordinating Tasks
5. Configuring Devices
6. Establishing an Internet Connection
7. Monitoring Performance
8. Providing File Management and
Other Utilities
9. Updating Automatically
10. Controlling a Network
11. Administering Security
84
It is designed to perform maintenance tasks
and optimize the performance of a computer.
Utility Software
85
It allows users to organize and
manage files and folders on their computer.
File Manager
86
It helps users locate files, folders,
and other data on their computer.
Search Utility
87
Is a utility that allows users to
view and sometimes edit images.
Image Viewer
88
Is a utility that helps remove
software programs and their associated files from
a computer.
Uninstaller
89
It remove unnecessary files
from a computer, such as temporary files, system
cache, and files in the recycle bin.
Disk Cleanup
90
reorganize fragmented data
on a hard drive so that related pieces of data are
stored close together.
Disk Fragmenter
91
These utilities allow users to create backups of
important files or entire systems and restore them
in case of data loss or system failure.
Backup and Restore Utilities
92
It is a utility that displays moving
images or patterns on the screen when the
computer is idle.
Screen Saver
93
Is a security utility that
monitors and controls incoming and outgoing
network traffic based on security rules.
Personal Firewall
94
detect, prevent, and remove
malicious software (viruses, worms, trojans) from
a computer.
Anti-Virus Programs
95
These utilities are designed to detect and remove
spyware (software that secretly monitors user
activity) and adware (software that displays
unwanted ads).
Spyware and Adware Removers
96
block access to specific websites or
types of online content.
Internet Filters
97
this utilities reduce the size of files
and folders
File Compression
98
Is a utility that plays audio and
video files.
Media Player
99
It allow users to write data,
audio, or video files to optical discs like CDs,
DVDs, or Blu-rays.
Disc Burning
100
It perform
various tasks to keep the computer running
smoothly.
Personal Computer Maintenance
