Introduction To Chemistry

Question 1

Define and differentiate between atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds

Answer 1

Atoms - smallest particle of substance
Elements - classification of atoms or atoms name
Molecules - consist of at least 2 atoms that are chemically bonded, and the atoms can be the same elements
Meanwhile Compounds - must have at least 2 different elements.

Question 2

Define Surface tension

Answer 2

Is a tension that pull surface molecules towards the center of the liquid

Question 3

What is Viscosity, the mechanism of viscosity, viscosity formula

Answer 3

The resistance which hinders the flow of the liquid

The mechanism of viscosity are collision with other molecules, pysocal entanglement and attractions with other molecule

Viscosity = stress (force/area) / rate of shear (velocity/length)

Question 4

Evaporation mechanism / what causes and happens during the evaporation process

Answer 4

As temperature rises, it gives energy that is shared to moleciles in which they can use this energy to escape from their attractions with each other

Question 5

what is pressure and is there any (Gaseous state and pressure)?

Answer 5

Pressure of gaseous state is a force that forms upon impact of gaseous molecules to its container, and it naturally increases over the increase in temperature

Question 6

How does condensation happens

Answer 6

When temperature drops below a certain degree, gaseous particle becomes more inactive and when it meet with other molecules, a form of attraction can no longer be avoided and they form a drop of liquid

Question 7

What happens when solid and liquid are mixed together? can you elaborate?

Answer 7

1 of 3 things can happen,
1. Chemical Reaction
2. Form a solution - When the attraction between solid and liquid is greater than the attraction between solid and solid, liquid will penetrate the solid and one by one, solid will mingle with liquid until there is none solid left and form a solution
3. Form a suspension - When the attraction between solid and liquid is less than the attraction between solid and solid, the liquid can do no more than seperate solid and solid.

Question 8

Maximum amount of dissolved solid are called

Answer 8

Saturated Solution

Question 9

What is a solute and what is a solvent

Answer 9

Solute - The solid
Solvent - The liquid that function is to dissolve solute

Question 10

Define Brownian motion

Answer 10

is a motion in which the particles appears to be moving in a zigzag path because they are constantly bombarded by liquid molecules

Question 11

What is a Colloidal State

Answer 11

is a state where particles are dispersed in a medium and it remain stabilized through either electrostatic or steric stabilization.

Question 12

Types of bond you know (4)

Answer 12

Covalent Bond - is a bond between two negative ions that share electron
Ionic Bond - is a bond between two ions of opposite charge
Coordinate Bond - is a bond where one of the atoms provide both electrons to other atoms
Hydrogen Bond - is a bond with highly electronegative element like Oxygen, Nitrogen, Fluorine

Question 13

Define Non Polar and Polar in covalent bond

Answer 13

Non Polar (equal sharing) - when the sharing between atoms are equal, there is no stronger pull between them (similar electronegativity)

Polar (unequal sharing)- when the sharing between atoms are not equal, there is an atom pulling stronger than the others

Question 14

Word ending with -ous and -ic, what does this mean

Answer 14

ous (ferrous +2) has lower valency than ic (Ferric +3)

Question 15

Electronegativity in periodic table

Answer 15

increases as you go up the periodic table and to the right/increasing valency