Chapter 2&3 - Inorganic & Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What color of acid and base in litmus paper
Acidic - Red
Basic - Blue
What is electrolysis and which negative electrode attracts and which positive electrode attracts
is the process of allowing a small direct current to flow through two inert electrodes that are placed inside a solution to cause the ions in the solution to move towards the electrode that they find attractive
Acid + Base becomes?
Salts
What is titrations
titration is a technique to determine the concentration of the solution with the use of indicator and opposite pH.
The color will changes over 1 drop excess.
the volume will be used to determine the concentration with the use of quivalent weight
Tendency of acidic and basic in a substance
acidic - usually are non metal
Base - usually are metals and can have double character called amphoteric oxides
The difference between Oxidation and reductions
Oxidation is when you lose an electron, removal of hydrogen, and gaining oxygen
Reduction is when you gain an electron, removal of Oxygen and gaining a hydrogen
powerful oxidizing agent
Hydrogen peroxide
solubility of carbonates in metal
outside group 1 it is insoluble
what is the cracking in hydrocarbons?
the process of splitting large molecules into smaller one. usually produces saturated and unsaturated compound, in this case alkene and alkane
alkene is also named as …?
here rotation is impossible so geometrical isomers are 2 different compounds,
what is a cis isomers and trans isomers
olefins
Cis isomers are isomers with similar atoms/groups that are placed the same side of the double bonds, while trans are isomers with similar atoms/ groups that are placed opposite of the double bonds
Terpenes is a special family of unsaturated compoounds. what are the composition of terpenes and the common use of terpene. Where do we acquire terpenes
2 methyl, buta 1, 3 diene isoprene bonded together.
We can acquire terpenes from pine trees / by products in paper pulp
Common use of terpenes:
- Manifacture of Perfumes
- Paint solvents
- anti oxidants
Define Alcohol, Carboxylic Acid, Acid anhydrides and Ester
Alcohol is aliphatic hydrocarbon and hydroxyl group
Carboxylic acid is a weak acid with carbonyl group and hydroxyl group
Acid anhydrides is an acid without water, acid anhydrides are formed by the condensation of two carboxylic acid molecules, releasing water and forming a new oxygen bridge. it is also possible for acid chlorides and salts produce acid anhydrides
Esterification happens when acid and alcohol reacts and they are commonly found in perfumes and scents
how to convert compound back to acid,
Acid anhydrides -
Ester - 2 ways
Acid Anhydrides - just add water
Ester - hydrolysis with water and through the process of saponification and addition of hydrochloric acid
3 types of Oil, their characteristics and composition
- Drying Oil - Dry at normal temperature
- Semi Drying Oil - Drying requires heat
- Non Drying Oil - Will not form a film
Usually types from most unsaturated -drying oil to saturated (non drying oil).
Conjugated Double Bonds
is two double bonds connected by a single bond and usually reacts faster / dries faster, less prone to yellowing
Is it possible to turn non drying oil to semi drying oil? please give example of non drying oil and how
Castor Oil is a non drying oil, it is possible to turn it into a semi drying oil through the process of dehydration by adding HCL and heating it up to 250 it adds double bond
Castor oil can also be modified by adding hydrogen through reduction process, what is the use of that?
Paint Additive
