Introduction to Cells

Question 1

the study of cells

Answer 1

cytology

Question 2

the functional and structural unit of life

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

the theory that all living organisms are made up of microscopic units called cells and that these cells perform all the functions of living things

Answer 3

cell theory

Question 4

organisms composed of just one cell. Some examples are bacteria, protozoans, some algae, and some fungi.

Answer 4

unicellular organism

Question 5

organisms composed of multiple cells. some examples are some algae and fungi, all animals, humans, and plants

Answer 5

multicellular organism

Question 6

a collection of similar cells living together. some multicellular organisms are colonial

Answer 6

colonial organism

Question 7

a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a specific function

Answer 7

tissue

Question 8

a group of tissues that perform a simple function

Answer 8

organ

Question 9

a group of organs that work together to accomplish a life function

Answer 9

organ system

Question 10

a specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function

Answer 10

organelle

Question 11

a cell that possesses both organelles and a nucleus that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane

Answer 11

eukaryotic

Question 12

a cell that lacks a nuclear membrane and has only non-membrane-bound organelles; found in the kingdom Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Answer 12

prokaryotic cell

Question 13

controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell; the cellular membrane that forms the outermost boundary of a cells cytoplasm and also encloses membrane-bound organelles within the cell

Answer 13

cell membrane

Question 14

2 layers of phospholipids that make up the cells membrane

Answer 14

lipid bilayer

Question 15

protects and supports the cell; a rigid structure manufactured by the cell; located outside the cell membrane; often made of cellulose, silica, or other substances

Answer 15

cell wall

Question 16

all the materials inside the cell membrane of a cell, excluding the nucleus

Answer 16

cytoplasm

Question 17

transforms energy stored in sugar to usable cellular energy; a membrane-bound organelle responsible for the respiration of foods to release usable energy

Answer 17

mitochondrion

Question 18

synthesises proteins; a non-membrane bound organelle associated with protein formation

Answer 18

ribosomes

Question 19

synthesizes proteins and sterols and transports materials within the cell; a cellular structure consisting of a complex network of fine, branching tubules and interconnected folded membranes

Answer 19

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

prepares substances to be secreted by the cell; membrane-bound organelle that deals with synthesis and packing of materials

Answer 20

Golgi apparatus

Question 21

breaks down ingested substances, old organelles, and cytoplasmic molecules

Answer 21

lysosome

Question 22

provides structure for the cell; necessary for movement and reproduction

Answer 22

cytoskeleton

Answer 23

microtubule

Answer 24

centrosome

Answer 25

microfilament

Question 26

provide locomotion or move substances over the outer surface of the cell

Answer 26

flagellum

Question 27

provide locomotion or move substances over the outer surface of the cell

Answer 27

cilium

Answer 28

plastid

Answer 29

chloroplast

Question 30

provides storage

Answer 30

vacuole

Question 31

provides storage; may contain enzymes for specific reactions

Answer 31

vesicle

Answer 32

turgor pressure

Question 33

stores DNA; produces RNA

Answer 33

nucleus

Answer 34

nuclear envelope

Answer 35

chromatin material

Answer 36

nucleolus

Answer 37

isotonic

Answer 38

hypotonic solution

Answer 39

hypertonic solution

Answer 40

passive transport

Answer 41

facilitated diffusion

Answer 42

transport protein

Answer 43

active transport

Answer 44

endocytosis

Answer 45

phagocytosis

Answer 46

pinocytosis

Answer 47

exocytosis

Question 48

transport of dissolved substances into cells to serve as building blocks or energy sources

Answer 48

absorption

Question 49

enzymatic breakdown of substances to obtain building material of energy

Answer 49

digestion

Question 50

assembly of organic compounds from smaller units obtained from digestion, absorption, or some other synthesis reaction in the cell; results in a cell’s growth, secretion, or replacing worn out cellular parts

Answer 50

synthesis

Question 51

breakdown of food (usually glucose) with the release of energy

Answer 51

respiration

Question 52

movement of the cell itself (locomotion) or movement of substance and structures inside the cell (internal movement)

Answer 52

movement

Question 53

ability to respond to external factors that affect the operations of the cell; in other words the response or reaction of the cell to its environment

Answer 53

irritability

Question 54

removal of soluble waste from the cell

Answer 54

excretion

Question 55

elimination of nonsoluble waste from the cell

Answer 55

egestion

Question 56

synthesis and release of substances from the cell

Answer 56

secretion

Question 57

ability to maintain a steady state in the cell

Answer 57

homeostasis

Question 58

formation of new cells

Answer 58

reproduction

Question 59

collects and pumps water out of the cell

Answer 59

contractile vacuole

Question 60

houses pigments and stores starches (special plastids, chloroplasts, are the site of photosynthesis.)

Answer 60

plastid

Question 61

provides storage; regulates turgidity of cell

Answer 61

central vacuole