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Biology > Introduction to Cells > Flashcards

Introduction to Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the study of cells

A

cytology

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2
Q

the functional and structural unit of life

A

cell

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3
Q

the theory that all living organisms are made up of microscopic units called cells and that these cells perform all the functions of living things

A

cell theory

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4
Q

organisms composed of just one cell. Some examples are bacteria, protozoans, some algae, and some fungi.

A

unicellular organism

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5
Q

organisms composed of multiple cells. some examples are some algae and fungi, all animals, humans, and plants

A

multicellular organism

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6
Q

a collection of similar cells living together. some multicellular organisms are colonial

A

colonial organism

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7
Q

a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a specific function

A

tissue

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8
Q

a group of tissues that perform a simple function

A

organ

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9
Q

a group of organs that work together to accomplish a life function

A

organ system

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10
Q

a specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function

A

organelle

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11
Q

a cell that possesses both organelles and a nucleus that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane

A

eukaryotic

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12
Q

a cell that lacks a nuclear membrane and has only non-membrane-bound organelles; found in the kingdom Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

A

prokaryotic cell

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13
Q

controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell; the cellular membrane that forms the outermost boundary of a cells cytoplasm and also encloses membrane-bound organelles within the cell

A

cell membrane

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14
Q

2 layers of phospholipids that make up the cells membrane

A

lipid bilayer

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15
Q

protects and supports the cell; a rigid structure manufactured by the cell; located outside the cell membrane; often made of cellulose, silica, or other substances

A

cell wall

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16
Q

all the materials inside the cell membrane of a cell, excluding the nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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17
Q

transforms energy stored in sugar to usable cellular energy; a membrane-bound organelle responsible for the respiration of foods to release usable energy

A

mitochondrion

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18
Q

synthesises proteins; a non-membrane bound organelle associated with protein formation

A

ribosomes

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19
Q

synthesizes proteins and sterols and transports materials within the cell; a cellular structure consisting of a complex network of fine, branching tubules and interconnected folded membranes

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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20
Q

prepares substances to be secreted by the cell; membrane-bound organelle that deals with synthesis and packing of materials

A

Golgi apparatus

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21
Q

breaks down ingested substances, old organelles, and cytoplasmic molecules

A

lysosome

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22
Q

provides structure for the cell; necessary for movement and reproduction

A

cytoskeleton

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23
Q
A

microtubule

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24
Q
A

centrosome

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25
Q
A

microfilament

26
Q

provide locomotion or move substances over the outer surface of the cell

A

flagellum

27
Q

provide locomotion or move substances over the outer surface of the cell

A

cilium

28
Q
A

plastid

29
Q
A

chloroplast

30
Q

provides storage

A

vacuole

31
Q

provides storage; may contain enzymes for specific reactions

A

vesicle

32
Q
A

turgor pressure

33
Q

stores DNA; produces RNA

A

nucleus

34
Q
A

nuclear envelope

35
Q
A

chromatin material

36
Q
A

nucleolus

37
Q
A

isotonic

38
Q
A

hypotonic solution

39
Q
A

hypertonic solution

40
Q
A

passive transport

41
Q
A

facilitated diffusion

42
Q
A

transport protein

43
Q
A

active transport

44
Q
A

endocytosis

45
Q
A

phagocytosis

46
Q
A

pinocytosis

47
Q
A

exocytosis

48
Q

transport of dissolved substances into cells to serve as building blocks or energy sources

A

absorption

49
Q

enzymatic breakdown of substances to obtain building material of energy

A

digestion

50
Q

assembly of organic compounds from smaller units obtained from digestion, absorption, or some other synthesis reaction in the cell; results in a cell’s growth, secretion, or replacing worn out cellular parts

A

synthesis

51
Q

breakdown of food (usually glucose) with the release of energy

A

respiration

52
Q

movement of the cell itself (locomotion) or movement of substance and structures inside the cell (internal movement)

A

movement

53
Q

ability to respond to external factors that affect the operations of the cell; in other words the response or reaction of the cell to its environment

A

irritability

54
Q

removal of soluble waste from the cell

A

excretion

55
Q

elimination of nonsoluble waste from the cell

A

egestion

56
Q

synthesis and release of substances from the cell

A

secretion

57
Q

ability to maintain a steady state in the cell

A

homeostasis

58
Q

formation of new cells

A

reproduction

59
Q

collects and pumps water out of the cell

A

contractile vacuole

60
Q

houses pigments and stores starches (special plastids, chloroplasts, are the site of photosynthesis.)

A

plastid

61
Q

provides storage; regulates turgidity of cell

A

central vacuole

Biology (5 decks)

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