Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 1 > Introduction To Cell And Tissue Biomedicine > Flashcards

Introduction To Cell And Tissue Biomedicine Flashcards

1
Q

In order of smallest to biggest, what are the components of the human body?

A 
Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system 
Organism 
Body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can a electronic microscope see?

A 
Small molecules
Lipids
Proteins
Virus
Bacteria
Organelles
Eukaryotic cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can a light microscope see?

A

Bacteria
Organelle
Eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are elements?

A

Primary chemical constituents of all matter; fundamental substances that cannot be chemically interconverted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an atom?

A

Smallest unit of a chemical element; cannot be broken down but do contain sub-atomic particles where protons + neutrons make up the nucleus but also electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are neutrons?

A

Uncharged sub-atomic particles; number varies but roughly the same as the proton no. in an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are protons?

A

+vely charged sub-atomic particles; each element has a different no. of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the relative mass of an atom equal to?

A

The number of particles in the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are electrons?

A

-vely charged sub-atomic particles than orbit the nucleus; no. = no. of protons but electrons can be gained or lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are ions?

A

Charged entities formed when atoms lose or gain electrons (element has not changed because no. of protons is constant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a molecule?

A

When atoms ‘share’ electrons in a covalent bond with another element - different elements can be combined to make highly complex compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a elements position in the periodic table indicate?

A

Its predisposition to lose/gain/share a specific no. of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the column number indicate about an element?

A

That these atoms generally share this no. of electrons forming this no. of covalent bonds in a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are elements on the left or right of the periodic table predisposed to do?

A

Left: generally lose electrons to form +ve ions

Right: generally gains an electron to form a -ve ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main elements that make up the body? In what percentage?

A 
N: 3%
H: 10%
C: 18%
O2: 65%
Other: 4%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are cells?

A

Basic fundamental unit of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are tissues?

A

Group of cells with a similar function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are organs?

A

Collection of tissues with related functions set within a certain space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the structure of a cell.

A

Each cell is enveloped by a plasma membrane + divided internally:

  • Nucleus: store of DNA
  • Cytoplasm: aqueous gel-like substance within cellular contents are dissolved
  • Other organelles: structures within cell with specialist functions
20
Q

Why does the nucleus and other organelles of cells mostly have their own membranes?

A

Enables compartmentalisation of biochemical processes + optimisation of conditions for each of the reactions in each compartment

21
Q

What are the 5 types of human tissue?

A 
Epithelia
Muscle
Connective tissue
Blood
Nervous tissue
22
Q

What is blood composed of?

A

Cells: RBCs, platelets + WBCs

Plasma: fluid + proteins

23
Q

What is the structure of RBCs? Relate this to its function.

A

Highly malleable + have maximum SA (biconcave disc with 2 concave surfaces) as they are specialised to carry O2 to tissues + remove CO2

24
Q

What are platelets? What is their function?

A

Small fragments of cells (megakaryocytes) that function to form a plug to maintain vascular integrity

25
Q

What do WBCs do?

A

Involved in immunity + defence against infection

26
Q

What is the nervous system composed of?

A

‘Doing’ cells = neurones

‘Supporting’ cells = neuroglia e.g. astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia + ependymal cells

27
Q

What is the defining feature of a muscle?

A

Its ability to contract; although contractility is present in all cells it is the key feature of muscle cells as it is more pronounced

28
Q

Why does contractility happen?

A

Due to fibrillary proteins in cytoplasm

29
Q

How can muscle cells be arranged?

A

As single cells = myoepithelial cells

In groups = muscles

30
Q

Where are myoepithelial cells found?

A

Contractile parts of epithelia or glands

In groups making muscles

31
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Visceral/SM
32
Q

What prefix is applied to organelles etc. within a muscle?

A

Sarco

33
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Tissue that provides structural + metabolic support for other specialised cells + tissues

34
Q

What are the 2 types of connective tissue?

A
  1. Loose: packing material e.g. lamina propria of gut

2. Dense: rigid support e.g. dermis or tendons

35
Q

What are the 2 components of connective tissue?

A
  1. Cells: fibroblasts, adipocytes + cells of IS (e.g. macrophages)
  2. ECM: ground substance + protein fibres
36
Q

What do the cells in connective tissue do?

A

Important to structural role of connective tissue; responsible for synthesis + maintenance of the matrix + for storing fat

37
Q

What is epithelia? How can it specialise?

A

Lines many surfaces of the body

Can be specialised to provide physical protection, diffusion, absorption/secretion or containment

38
Q

How can cellular life be classified?

A

Prokaryotes: no nucleus e.g. bacteria + archaea

Eukaryotes: nucleus e.g. protists, fungi, plants + animal cells

39
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

Cell that can provide all their required complex organic molecules (e.g. carbohydrates) from simple substances in the environment using energy from light (photosynthesis) or chemical sources (chemosynthesis)

40
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

Cells that cannot produce all their required complex organic molecules (e.g. carbohydrates) so they need to consume them in their diet

41
Q

What are the features of bacteria?

A

Peptidoglycan cell wall
Unicellular
Autotrophic/heterotrophic

42
Q

What are the 2 types of bacteria?

A

Gram -ve: thin cell wall so lose violent stain + have to be further stained pink - also contain LPS

Gram +ve: purple because of their thick peptidoglycan cell wall which retains crystal violet dye

43
Q

What are the features of archaea?

A

Cell wall with no peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotrophic/heterotrophic

44
Q

What are the features of protists?

A

Mixed cell wall
Unicellular/multicellular
Autotrophic/heterotrophic

45
Q

What are the features of fungi?

A

Cell wall present
Unicellular/multicellular
Heterotrophic

46
Q

What are the features of plants?

A

Cell wall present with cellulose
Multicellular
Autotrophic

47
Q

What are the features of animals?

A

No cell wall
Multicellular
Heterotrophic

Block 1 (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions