Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IOE > Introduction to biomolecules > Flashcards

Introduction to biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general formula of a monosaccharide?

A

(CH2O)n or CnH2nOn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type are the majority of the monosaccharides found in the human body?

A

D-type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which carbohydrate is present in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

D-glucose and L-glucose are not?

A

Anomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The most common site of phosphorylation of nucleotides found in cells is the hydroxyl group attached to which carbon?

A

Carbon 5’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are adjacent nucleotides joined by in nucleic acids?

A

Phosphodiester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What functions does cholesterol have?

A

Roles in membrane structure
Adds rigidity to liquid-crystalline phospholipid bilayers
Precursor for the synthesis of the steroid hormones
Precursor for the synthesis of vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the mode of DNA replication?

A

Semiconservative and bidirectional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The synthesis of DNA in lagging strands takes place in short segments, what are these called?

A

Okazaki fragments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Unwinding of the double helix of DNA during replication is done by what enzyme?

A

DNA helicase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What reaction is required for proofreading during DNA replication by DNA polymerase III?

A

3’-5’ exonuclease activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are nucleotides added on to the 5’ end of the growing DNA strand in DNA replication?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that fills in the gap between fragments in the lagging strands?

A

DNA polymerase I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which enzyme is used to join the DNA fragments of the lagging strand

A

DNA ligase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which reaction in DNA replication is catalysed by DNA ligase?

A

Formation of phosphodiester bond between the 3’ OH of one Okazaki fragment and the 5’ phosphate of the next on the lagging strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In which would you find telomeres?

A

Human chromosomes - repetitive DNA sequences on the end of human chromosomes

17
Q

Do telomeres become longer or shorter as they age?

A

Shorter

18
Q

Do somatic cells have little or lots of telomerase?

A

Little

19
Q

Do immortal cancer cell lines have high levels of telomerase?

A

Yes

20
Q

What is the enzyme that elongates chromosomes by adding repeated sequences to the end of existing chromosomes during replication in eukaryotes?

A

Telomerase

21
Q

What describes the Pribnow box?

A

The -10 box

22
Q

What is the region of DNA that leads to initiation of transcription?

A

Promoter

23
Q

What is the role of the sigma factor in bacterial RNA polymerase?

A

To position RNA polymerase correctly on the DNA template

24
Q

In eukaryotes the assembly of transcription factors on a promoter begins some 25 nucleotides upstream where it binds to start a … sequence?

A

TATA

25
Q

Which is described as a sequence that can be several thousand base pairs upstream or downstream of a eukaryotic promoter and which increases gene expression as much as 200-fold?

A

Enhancer

26
Q

What is the role of methylation of DNA?

A

To insure that genes that are turned off, stay off

27
Q

What direction is RNA synthesis?

A

5’ to 3’

28
Q

What is the cap modification of eukaryotic mRNA?

A

A modified guanine nucleotide added to the 5’ end of the transcript

29
Q

At which cell cycle checkpoint is the cell cycle halted if the cells DNA is damaged?

A

G1 - S

30
Q

Termination causes a stem-loop structure forming in the RNA transcript - is this true

A

Yes

31
Q

What is the role of eukaryotic RNA polymerase I?

A

Transcription of the major RNA transcript

IOE (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions