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IOE > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does the ramus (part of the mandible) do?

A

Attaches some muscles of mastication

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2
Q

What are the two projections of the ramus of the mandible?

A

Coronoid process and condylar process

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3
Q

What does the condylar process do?

A

Contributes to the TMJ

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4
Q

What does the coronoid process do?

A

Attaches the temporalis muscle

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5
Q

What is the outer foramen of the mandible called?

A

Mental - transmits the mental nerve

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6
Q

What features of the face does the mental nerve supply?

A

Lower teeth, skin of the chin and gingival on the labial aspect of the anterior lower teeth.

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7
Q

What is the inner foramen of the mandible called?

A

Mandibular

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8
Q

What nerve does the mandibular foramen transmit?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve, which supplies all the lower teeth and some of the gingivae on the labial and buccal aspects.

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9
Q

What does the lingula have attached to it?

A

A ligament

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10
Q

What foramina do you find inferior of the orbits?

A

Infra-orbital foramina

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11
Q

When you open your mouth what is the process of the temporal bone called that the condylar process moves towards?

A

Articular eminence

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12
Q

What are the five bones that are hollow in places and some are called the para-nasal air sinuses?

A
  • Right and left maxillae
  • Frontal bone
  • Sphenoid bone
  • Ethmoid bone
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13
Q

What is the oral cavity bounded by?

A

Upper and lower teeth anteriorly and laterally and by an opening into the pharynx called the oro-pharyngeal isthmus posteriorly.

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14
Q

What space lies in the mouth outside the dental arches?

A

Vestibule

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15
Q

What is the ligamentous structure that limits how much you can lift your tongue?

A

Lingual frenulum

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16
Q

What is the V-shaped boundary that fuses the posterior 1/3 and anterior 2/3 of the tongue called?

A

Sulcus terminalis

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17
Q

Where is the palatine tonsil located?

A

Between the palatoglosal and palatopharyngeal arches

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18
Q

What is the hard palate composed of?

A

Palatine process of maxilla (greater and lesser) and the right and left maxilla

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19
Q

What is the large muscle of the neck that starts at the clavicle and sternum and runs to behind the ears called?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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20
Q

What is the muscle around the eyes called?

A

Orbicularis oculi

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21
Q

What are the two muscles that control the zygomatica called?

A

Zygomaticus major and minor

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22
Q

What is the muscle that controls the mouths facial expression called?

A

Orbicularis oris

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23
Q

What is the muscle that moves the cheek called?

A

Buccinator

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24
Q

What is the muscle that levitates the mouth called?

A

Levator anguli oris

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25
Q

What is the muscle at the corner of the mouth?

A

Risorius

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26
Q

What is the muscle involved near the mouth in frowning?

A

Depressor anguli oris

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27
Q

What is the muscle in the chin?

A

Mentalis

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28
Q

What does the buccinator and superior constrictor attach to?

A

Pterygomandibular raphe

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29
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression?

A

7 - facial

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30
Q

What are the five branches of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical

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31
Q

Do the branches of the facial nerve supply the parotid gland or just pass through it?

A

Just pass through it

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32
Q

What is the most important nerve in general sensory supply to the facial region?

A

Trigeminal

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33
Q

What are the three main divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

1) Opthalmic V1
2) Maxillary V2
3) Mandibular V3

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34
Q

What artery comes off the external carotid artery?

A

Maxillary

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35
Q

What nerve branches off this maxillary artery?

A

Inferior alveolar artery

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36
Q

What does the lingual artery do and where does it branch off?

A

Branches off the inferior external carotid artery and provides the blood supply to the tongue and structures of the floor of the mouth, including the lingual gingivae

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37
Q

Further from the IA artery what other artery branches off the external carotid artery?

A

Posterior superior alveolar artery

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38
Q

Anterior to the PSA artery what is the next artery to branch off the infraorbital artery?

A

Anterior superior alveolar artery

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39
Q

What teeth does the posterior superior alveolar artery supply?

A

Upper molars and premolars

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40
Q

What teeth does the anterior superior alveolar artery supply?

A

Incisors and canines

41
Q

The maxillary artery branches into two palatine arteries, what are they called?

A

Greater and lesser palatine artery, inferior to the descending palatine artery

42
Q

What part of the palate do the greater and lesser palatine arteries supply?

A

Greater - hard palate

Lesser - soft palate

43
Q

What is the large vein called that is lateral to the hyoid bone and meets the subclavian veins?

A

Internal jugular vein

44
Q

What is the large network of veins that the IA vein branches off?

A

Pterygoid venous plexus

45
Q

What is the function of lymphatic vessels?

A

To drain lymph

46
Q

What are the lymph nodes in the neck called?

A

Deep cervical nodes

47
Q

What are the three salivary glands?

A

Parotid, sublingual and submandibular

48
Q

What are the two nerves that stimulate salivation?

A

Facial and glossopharyngeal

49
Q

Is salivation autonomic?

A

Yes

50
Q

In the parotid gland where does the duct open in salivation?

A

In vestibule opposite upper second molar crown

51
Q

What nerve innervates the parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal

52
Q

What nerve innervates the sublingual and submandibular glands?

A

Facial (sensory taste)

53
Q

Outline the secretomotor nerve pathways to the parotid gland?

A

-Glossopharyngeal nerve via tympanic plexus, then as lesser petrosal nerve to otic ganglion, meets a synapse, post ganglionic fibres pass to gland in auriculotemporal nerve

54
Q

Outline the secretomotor nerve pathways to the sublingual/submandibular gland?

A

-Facial nerve via chorda tympani and lingual nerve to submandibular ganglion, meets a synapse, post ganglionic fibres pass to the glands

55
Q

What muscle of the cheek does the parotid gland pierce?

A

Buccinator

56
Q

Where does the submandibular single duct open at?

A

The sublingual papillae

57
Q

Where is the series of sublingual ductules located?

A

Sub-lingual fold

58
Q

When cell bodies cluster together what do they form?

A

A ganglion

59
Q

What are the fibres called that leave the autonomic ganglion and travel to the gland called?

A

Post ganglionic fibres

60
Q

What does the tympanic nerve temporarily break up into?

A

A network of nerve fibres called the tympanic plexus

61
Q

What does the nerve fibres of the tympanic plexus come together to form?

A

The lesser petrosal nerve

62
Q

What does the lesser petrosal nerve leave through?

A

The foramen ovale

63
Q

What does the auriculotemporal nerve do?

A

Transmits post ganglionic fibres to the parotid gland

64
Q

Where does the chorda tympani carry pre ganglionic fibres of the facial nerve to?

A

Infra-temporal fossa

65
Q

Which nerve supplies taste and sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Lingual (general)

Facial (taste)

66
Q

Which nerve supplies taste and sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal

67
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal

68
Q

What are the four muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid

69
Q

What is the function of the masseter?

A

Elevates mandible

70
Q

What is the nerve that innervates the masseter?

A

Mandibular nerve

71
Q

Where does the masseter insert?

A

Lateral surface of ramus of the mandible

72
Q

What is the origin of the mandible?

A

Zygomatic arch

73
Q

What is the function of the temporalis muscle?

A

Elevation and refraction of mandible

74
Q

What is the nerve that innervates the temporalis muscle?

A

V3 - mandibular nerve

75
Q

Where does the temporalis insert?

A

Coronoid process of mandible

76
Q

What is the origin of the temporalis?

A

Temporal aspect of skull

77
Q

What is the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Mainly elevation

78
Q

What is the nerve that innervates the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Mandibular nerve

79
Q

Where does the medial pterygoid muscle insert?

A

Deep surface of the ramus

80
Q

What is the origin of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Maxilla and medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid

81
Q

What is the function of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Controls articular disc position during closing

82
Q

What is the function of the lower head of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Anterior translation (sliding) of the mandibular head during opening

83
Q

What is the nerve that innervates the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Mandibular - V3

84
Q

Where does the lateral pterygoid muscle insert?

A

Lower - Condylar process

Upper - TMJ (articular disc)

85
Q

What is the origin of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Sphenoid (mainly lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate)

86
Q

What is the action of the digastric muscle?

A

Opens mouth

87
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

A

Mandibular

88
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

A

Facial (VII)

89
Q

What are the tubercles called near the hyoid bone?

A

Superior genial

90
Q

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

91
Q

The muscles of the pharynx are mostly supplied by what nerve?

A

Vagus

92
Q

What are the three extrinsic muscles of the tongue and what do they do?

A

Styloglossus - origin styloid process - lifts tongue upwards and backwards
Hyoglossus - origin hyoid bone - pulls tongue downwards
Genioglossus - origin superior genial tubercles of mandible - protrudes the tongue

93
Q

What do the horizontal, vertical and longitudinal intrinsic fibres of the tongue do?

A

Horizontal - make tongue narrower
Vertical - make tongue thinner vertically
Longitudinal - superior and inferior groups curve the tip up (superior) or down (inferior)

94
Q

What are the three circular muscles of the pharynx?

A

Superior, middle and inferior constrictors

95
Q

What are the three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

Salpingopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus

96
Q

In the oesophagus, are the circular muscles inside the longitudinal muscles?

A

Yes

97
Q

From which organ does the blood from the stomach and intestines travel back to the heart?

A

Liver

98
Q

Increased pressure in the veins that supply the liver is called what?

A

Portal hypertension

99
Q

If abnormally dilated veins in the lower end of the oesophagus rupture what life threatening event can happen?

A

Haematemesis

IOE (13 decks)

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