Introduction to Biological Molecules

Question 1

Why is important to maintain the ion concentration in solutions?

Answer 1

Causing the cell to swell and break or shrivel

Question 2

What are the five biological molecules?

Answer 2

Sugars

Fatty acids

Steroids

Amino acids

Nucleotides

Question 3

What is the general structure of sugar?

Answer 3

(CH20)n

Question 4

What reaction occurs to create saccharides?

Answer 4

Condensation

Question 5

What reaction occurs to separate saccharides?

Answer 5

Hydrolysis

Question 6

What are two properties that fatty acids posses?

Answer 6

They are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 7

How can fatty acids be stored?

Answer 7

As triacylglycerol

Question 8

What is the most important component of cell membranes?

Answer 8

Fatty acids

Question 9

What is the structure of steroids?

Answer 9

4 fused carbon rings

Question 10

What can cholesterol be used for?

Answer 10

Many other steroids, for instance testosterone

Question 11

What are the uses of amino acids?

Answer 11

Sources of energy

Neurotransmitters- glutamine

Precursors for other molecules

Question 12

What are the different structures in nucleotides?

Answer 12

Trisphospahte

Ribose

Adenine

Question 13

What does the combination of ribose and adenine create?

Answer 13

Adenosine

Question 14

What are the functions of nucleotides?

Answer 14

Short term energy store- ATP and GTP

Store of electrons- NAD, NADP or ATP reduction

Cofactors for enzymes

Signalling molecules

Building blocks for nucleic acid

Question 15

What are cofactors for enzymes?

Answer 15

Non-protein component required for biological activity

Question 16

How does pepsin maintain activity at low pH in the stomach?

Answer 16

Its active site is deep in the structure

Question 17

What determines the immune response regarding blood type?

Answer 17

Different sugar groups on the surface of the red blood cells

Question 18

Where are glycoproteins prominent?

Answer 18

The coating of viruses