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MD2001 Week 1 > Cells and Organelles 2 > Flashcards

Cells and Organelles 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How does a vesicle move towards and away from the Golgi?

A

Along a microtubule track and powered by a motor protein

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2
Q

Where do microtubules originate from?

A

Centrosomes

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3
Q

What end is negative in the microtubule?

A

The near the centrosome

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4
Q

How can microtubules affect organelles?

A

Move or position them on microtubules

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5
Q

What process takes up things from the outside of the cell?

A

Endocytosis

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6
Q

What are endosomes the site of?

A

Processing

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7
Q

Where does degradation occur in the cell?

A

Lysosomes

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8
Q

After multiple rounds of endocytosis, how does the cell maintain membrane length?

A

The endosomes are recycled back

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9
Q

What is autophagy?

A

Portions of the cell are walled off and digested in lysosomes during starvation

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10
Q

What are the different types of endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis

Pinocytosis- cell drinking

Receptor mediated endocytosis

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11
Q

What degrades a protein?

A

Proteasome

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12
Q

How does a proteasome identify junk protein?

A

Ubiquitin is tagged

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13
Q

What is the advantage of compartmentation?

A

Allows for dangerous reactions to occur in specialised regions

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14
Q

How do different organelles communicate between each other?

A

Vesicles

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15
Q

What are the main functions of mitochondria?

A

Produce most of the ATP supply

Enable cell growth

Contain their own DNA

All your mitochondria come from your mothers egg

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16
Q

What are the functions of microtubules?

A

Vesicle tracks

Position/move organelles

17
Q

What proteins make up microtubules?

A

Tubulins

18
Q

What are the three components of the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubules

Microfilaments

Intermediate filaments

19
Q

What are the functions of microfilaments?

A

Generates contractile forces

20
Q

What proteins make up microfilaments?

A

Actin and myosin

21
Q

What are the functions of intermediate filaments?

A

Strength, support

Support nuclear envelope

22
Q

What proteins make up intermediate filaments?

A

Keratins and lamins

23
Q

Describe the smooth ER?

A

Connected domain of the RER with no ribosomes and involved in lipid, steroid production and detoxification

24
Q

Describe peroxisomes

A

Break down some fatty acids

Synthesis some specialised lipids

They generate hydrogen peroxide and excess is broken down with catalase

25
Q

Describe prokaryotes

A

Small, simple cells

No internal membrane

No nucleus

Simple cell division

26
Q

Describe eukaryotes?

A

Larger cellular dimensions

Internal membranes with specialisation

Packaged DNA in a nucleus

Contain endosymbiont organelles

27
Q

What are the four ways cells can communicate?

A

Endocrine

Paracrine- local mediatior

Neuronal- synapse

Contact-dependent

MD2001 Week 1 (7 decks)

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