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CHEM022 Biochemistry > INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY Flashcards

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1
Q

study of molecules, more specifically, biomolecules, and their reactions in living organisms

A

biochemistry

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2
Q

application of chemistry to hte study of biological processes at the cellular and molecules level

A

biochemistry

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3
Q

emerged as a distinct discipline around the beginning of the 20th century when scientists combined chemistry, physiology, and biology to investigate the chemistry of living systems.

A

biochemistry

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4
Q

(3) principal areas of biochemistry

A
  1. structure and function of biological macromolecules
  2. metabolism
  3. molecular genetics
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5
Q

principal area of biochem - anabolic and catabolic processes

A

metabolism

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6
Q

principal area of biochem - how life is replicated ; regulation of protein synthesis

A

molecular genetics

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7
Q

in biochemistry, we are interested in finding their (3)

A

properties
composition
transformation

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8
Q

attributes or characteristics that are used to describe biomolecules

A

properties

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9
Q

properties - their value depend on the amount of biomolecule

A

extensive properties

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10
Q

the magnitude of some properties do not depend on its amount

A

intensive properties

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11
Q

properties:
weight, volume

A

extensive properties

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12
Q

properties:
temperature, boiling point

A

intensive properties

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13
Q

properties can also be classified as ____ and ___ properties

A

physical
chemical

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14
Q

properties that do not change the chemical structure of the biomolecule upon measurement

A

physical properties

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15
Q

properties that change the chemical structure of the biomolecule upon measurement

A

chemical properties

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16
Q

properties:
weight, temperatuure, volume

A

physical properties

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17
Q

flammability, biodegradability

A

chemical properties

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18
Q

refers to the identity and amount of the components of a biomolecule

A

composition

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19
Q

2 types of composition

A

qualitative composition
quantitative composition

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20
Q

refers to the identity of the components of a biomolecule like C, H, O, N

A

qualitative composition

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21
Q

refers to the relative amounts of the components of a biomolecule, like 25% C, 14% H, 6% O, 32% N

A

quantitative composition

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22
Q

refers to the changes that a biomolecule undergoes

A

transformation

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23
Q

(2) types of transformation

A

physical
chemical

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24
Q

refers to changes in physical states

A

physical transformation

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25
transformation: freezing, melting, vaporization, sublimation, deposition, condensation
physical transformation
26
liquid to solid
freezing
27
solid to liquid
melting
28
liquid to gas
vaporization
29
solid to gas
sublimation
30
gas to solid
deposition
31
gas to liquid
condensation
32
the goals of biochemistry
understand the structures of biomolecules understand the relationship between their structures and functions
33
top 10 biochemistry applications
breast cancer testing genetically-modified food HIV testing pregnancy testing molecular cloning prenatal genetic testing genetic engineering phenolketonuria screening ames test (for cancer) gene replacement therapy
34
macromolecules or "giant' molecules
biomolecules
35
biomolecules are giant because they are made of hundreds or even thousands of smaller molecules called
monomers
36
carbon compounds where life on earth is based
biomolecules
37
(4) major biomolecules
carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids
38
carbohydrates are structurally composed of _____ or _____
polyhydroxy aldehydes ketones
39
some carbohydrates are composed of a single sugar unit called
monoaccharide
40
glucose, mannose, fructose
monosaccharides
41
other carbohydrats are composed of many sugar units (2-10 sugar units)
oligosaccharides
42
other carbohydrats are composed of many sugar units (>10 sugar units)
polysaccharides
43
defined by ther solubility in orgnic solvents
lipids
44
triglycerides, steroids, phospholipids
lipids
45
proteins are composed of ____ linked to each other by _____
amino acids peptide bonds
46
amino acids are organc compounds that contain both ____ and ____
amino groups carboxylic acid groups
47
these biomolecules are found in the nucleus of cells
nucleic acids
48
nucleic acids are polymers of ___ linked to each other by ____
nucleotides phosphodiester bonds
49
RNA DNA
nucleic acids
50
what importantdiscovery was attributed to James Watson and Francis Crick
the double helical structure of DNA
51
the bond that connects amino acids in proteins are called
peptide bonds
52
what biomolecule is defined according to its solubility in non-polar organic compounds
lipids
53
what biomolecules are structurally composed of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones
carbohydrates
54
why is life defined by its chemistry
it is because all living things are made up of atoms reactting with each other in a freely-tuned "molecular dance"
55
trio of scientists that were able to prove that the DNA contains the transmittable traits in living organisms
Oswald Avery Colin MacLeod Maclyn McCarty
56
what atom(s) serve as the backbone for all biomolecules
carbon
57
what bonds connect nucleotides together
phosphodiester bond
58
techniue used in elucidation of ribosome structure
x-ray crystallography
59
the term macromolecule means ____ molecules
big
60
what biomolecules constitue the most significant portion of the cell's mass aside from water
proteins
61
the word "biochemistry was first coined by
Carl Neuberg

CHEM022 Biochemistry (4 decks)

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