Introduction to Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic & parasympathetic
what is the function of the autonomic nervous system
regulates the activity of exocrine glands, smooth muscles, visceral organs etc.
what is responsible for maintaining homeostasis
ANS
what are the parts to outflow tract of information
preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
where is the cell body of the preganglionic neuron
central nervous system
where is the location of the synapse of the preganglionic axon with the ganglionic neuronal body
outside CNS with an autonomic ganglion
what does the post ganglionic axon create
neuroeffector junction
what ganglia is found bilateral to the vertebral column
paravertebral ganglia
what ganglia is comprised of a celiac, cranial mesenteric and caudal mesenteric ganglia
prevertebral ganglia
what structure functions homologous to sympathetic ganglion
adrenal medulla
True or False:
The adrenal medulla does not have post synaptic neuron
true
what do the cells of the adrenal medulla secrete
norepinephrine & epinephrine
what are the secretory cells of the adrenal medulla
chromaffin cells
which fibers of the sympathetic nervous system are shorter
preganglionic
which neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate form the ganglia and innervate the effector tissue
postganglionic neurons
what do preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release
Acetylcholine
which receptors does acetylcholine bind/interact with
nicotinic receptors
what do postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release
norepinephrine
which receptors does norepinephrine bind/interact with
adrenergic receptors
where are nicotinic receptors found
ganglionic neurons or adrenal medulla
where are adrenergic receptors found
effector tissues
what kind of response is distributed by acetylcholine and norepinephrine
widely distributed response
sympathetic neuron + adrenal medulla =
sympatho-adrenomedullary axis
what is the range of control from the sympatho-adrenomedullary axis
extreme reactivity to maintaining homeostasis
where do the preganglionic neurons originate in the parasympathetic nervous system
midbrain
medulla oblongata
sacral spinal cord
what does the preganglionic neurons create/ form
craniosacral out flow
what nerve is used to deliver parasympathetic messages to the thoracic and abdominal viscera
vagus nerve
what nerve carries parasympathetic messages to the pelvic nerves
sacral spinal cord
True or False:
postganglionic neurons are short in the parasympathetic nervous system
true
what do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release
acetylcholine
what do postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release
acetylcholine
True or False:
both pre- and post- ganglionic neurons release acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system
true
what type of response is generated in the parasympathetic nervous system pathway
discrete response
what does the parasympathetic nervous system generate
biological energy
what is the origin of the sympathetic neurons
thoracolumbar
what is the origin of the parasympathetic neurons
craniosacral
what response is generated in the sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight
what are the 2 exceptions of the sympathetic neuroeffector junction neurotransmitters
sweat glands = acetylcholine
renal vascular smooth muscle = dopamine
what do non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic neurons release at the postganglionic terminal
nitric oxide (NO)
what do NANC neurons release at the preganglionic neuron terminal release
acetylcholine
what is the effect of nitric oxide
vasodilation
what is the principal supraspinal site involved in the modulation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow
hypothalamus
