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Pharmacology 1 > Introduction to Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Introduction to Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic & parasympathetic

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2
Q

what is the function of the autonomic nervous system

A

regulates the activity of exocrine glands, smooth muscles, visceral organs etc.

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3
Q

what is responsible for maintaining homeostasis

A

ANS

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4
Q

what are the parts to outflow tract of information

A

preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

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5
Q

where is the cell body of the preganglionic neuron

A

central nervous system

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6
Q

where is the location of the synapse of the preganglionic axon with the ganglionic neuronal body

A

outside CNS with an autonomic ganglion

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7
Q

what does the post ganglionic axon create

A

neuroeffector junction

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8
Q

what ganglia is found bilateral to the vertebral column

A

paravertebral ganglia

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9
Q

what ganglia is comprised of a celiac, cranial mesenteric and caudal mesenteric ganglia

A

prevertebral ganglia

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10
Q

what structure functions homologous to sympathetic ganglion

A

adrenal medulla

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11
Q

True or False:

The adrenal medulla does not have post synaptic neuron

A

true

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12
Q

what do the cells of the adrenal medulla secrete

A

norepinephrine & epinephrine

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13
Q

what are the secretory cells of the adrenal medulla

A

chromaffin cells

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14
Q

which fibers of the sympathetic nervous system are shorter

A

preganglionic

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15
Q

which neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate form the ganglia and innervate the effector tissue

A

postganglionic neurons

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16
Q

what do preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release

A

Acetylcholine

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17
Q

which receptors does acetylcholine bind/interact with

A

nicotinic receptors

18
Q

what do postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release

A

norepinephrine

19
Q

which receptors does norepinephrine bind/interact with

A

adrenergic receptors

20
Q

where are nicotinic receptors found

A

ganglionic neurons or adrenal medulla

21
Q

where are adrenergic receptors found

A

effector tissues

22
Q

what kind of response is distributed by acetylcholine and norepinephrine

A

widely distributed response

23
Q

sympathetic neuron + adrenal medulla =

A

sympatho-adrenomedullary axis

24
Q

what is the range of control from the sympatho-adrenomedullary axis

A

extreme reactivity to maintaining homeostasis

25
Q

where do the preganglionic neurons originate in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

midbrain
medulla oblongata
sacral spinal cord

26
Q

what does the preganglionic neurons create/ form

A

craniosacral out flow

27
Q

what nerve is used to deliver parasympathetic messages to the thoracic and abdominal viscera

A

vagus nerve

28
Q

what nerve carries parasympathetic messages to the pelvic nerves

A

sacral spinal cord

29
Q

True or False:
postganglionic neurons are short in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

true

30
Q

what do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release

A

acetylcholine

31
Q

what do postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release

A

acetylcholine

32
Q

True or False:

both pre- and post- ganglionic neurons release acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

true

33
Q

what type of response is generated in the parasympathetic nervous system pathway

A

discrete response

34
Q

what does the parasympathetic nervous system generate

A

biological energy

35
Q

what is the origin of the sympathetic neurons

A

thoracolumbar

36
Q

what is the origin of the parasympathetic neurons

A

craniosacral

37
Q

what response is generated in the sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight

38
Q

what are the 2 exceptions of the sympathetic neuroeffector junction neurotransmitters

A

sweat glands = acetylcholine
renal vascular smooth muscle = dopamine

39
Q

what do non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic neurons release at the postganglionic terminal

A

nitric oxide (NO)

40
Q

what do NANC neurons release at the preganglionic neuron terminal release

A

acetylcholine

41
Q

what is the effect of nitric oxide

A

vasodilation

42
Q

what is the principal supraspinal site involved in the modulation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow

A

hypothalamus

Pharmacology 1 (10 decks)

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