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Pharmacology 1 > Alpha agonistic drugs > Flashcards

Alpha agonistic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist drugs

A

methoxamine
metaraminol
phenylephrine
phenypropanolamine (PRION)
oxymetazoline

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2
Q

what is the main action of the alpha-1 receptors

A

vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels

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3
Q

what is the effect of methoxamine

A

increased peripheral resistance
increased blood pressure
reflex bradycardia

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4
Q

how should methoxamine be administered

A

IV
IM

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5
Q

why is bradycardia a result of using methoxamine

A

compensation of vasoconstriction

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6
Q

when should methoxamine be used

A

hypotension during surgery

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7
Q

what are the adverse effects of methoxamine

A

hypertension = headache & vomiting

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8
Q

what type of drug is methoxamine

A

Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

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9
Q

what is the effect of using metaraminol

A

increased peripheral resistance
increased blood pressure
reflux bradycardia

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10
Q

when should metaraminol be administered

A

treating hypotension during spinal anaesthesia

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11
Q

how should metaraminol be administered

A

IM
IV
SubQ

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12
Q

what type of drug is metaraminol

A

Alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

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13
Q

which alpha01 adrenergic agonists could be used during surgery to correct hypotension

A

methoxamine
metaraminol

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14
Q

when would you administer phenylephrine

A

nasal congestion (allergies)
glaucoma

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15
Q

why can phenylephrine be used in situations of glaucoma

A

decreases peripheral blood pressure = decreased pressure in eyes

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16
Q

what type of drug is phenylephrine

A

alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

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17
Q

how should phenylephrine be administered

A

IM
IV
SubQ

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18
Q

when should phenypropanolamine be administered

A

urinary inconitence

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19
Q

what is the common name for phenyprophanolamine

A

PRION

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20
Q

how should PRION be administered

A

oral

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21
Q

in what species is phenypropanolamine used in

A

dogs

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22
Q

how does phenypropanolamine treat urinary incontinence

A

alpha-1 receptors in the urinary sphincter
(constriction)

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23
Q

in what cases may we use PRION for urinary incontinence

A

old age
UTI

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24
Q

what type of drug is phenypropanolamine

A

alpha-1 adrenergic agonsit

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25
Q

which alpha-1 adrenergic agonistic drug also possess partial alpha-2 agonist action

A

oxymetazoline

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26
Q

what is oxymetazoline used to treat

A

nasal congestion
red eye relief

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27
Q

what type of drug is oxymetazoline

A

alpha-1 adrenergic agonist

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28
Q

what alpha-1 adrenergic agonists can be used to treat nasal decongestion due to allergies

A

phenylephrine
oxymetazoline

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29
Q

which alpha-1 adrenergic agonistic drugs can be used to treat nasal congestion due to allergies

A

oxymetazoline
phenylephrine

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30
Q

what would be the best treatment for red eye relief due to allergies/ inflammation / common cold

A

oxymetazoline

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31
Q

what are the alpha-2 adrenergic agonistic drugs

A

clonidine
apraconidine
xylazine
detomidine
medetomidine / dexmedtomidine / romifidine
methyl dopa

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32
Q

what drug acts on the alpha-2 receptors in the cardiovascular centers of the CNS

A

clonidine

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33
Q

what is the effect of clonidine on the nervous system

A

suppresses outflow of sympathetic nervous system

34
Q

what are the physiological effects of using clonidine

A

modulates CNS perception of pain
induces sedation

35
Q

when should clonidine be given

A

as a pre-anesthetic

36
Q

how should clonidine be administered

37
Q

why is clonidine used as a pre-anesthetic

A
  1. sedation
  2. muscle relaxation
  3. analgesic effect
38
Q

when can clonidine be administered

A

pre-operative sedation
hypertension
control anxiety

39
Q

what are some of the adverse effects of clonidine

A

dry mouth
sedation
REBOUND HYPERTENSION
BRADY CARDIA
sexual disfunction

40
Q

which alpha-2 adrenergic agonistic drug could have an off-the-counter use as an antidepressant

41
Q

what type of drug is apraclonidine

A

alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

42
Q

what would you want to treat with apraclonidine

43
Q

what is the effect of the administration of apraclonidine

A

reduces intraocular pressure via decrease in aqueous humor production

44
Q

which alpha-2 adrenergic agonist would you use to treat glaucoma

A

apraclonidine

45
Q

what type of drug is xylazine

A

alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

46
Q

how does xylazine work

A

activation of alpha-2 A subtype receptor in the locus coeruleus of brainstem and spinal cord

47
Q

what is the function of the locus coeruleus

A

norepinephrine production

48
Q

in what species should xylazine be administered

A

large animal species

49
Q

what are the effects of xylazine

A

sedation
muscle relaxation
analgesic effects

50
Q

when should xylazine be used

A

anaesthetic premedication

51
Q

what are the adverse effects of xylazine

A
  1. bradycardia
  2. conduction disturbances
  3. myocardial depression
52
Q

which alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is more commonly used in large animal species

53
Q

which alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is strictly used in horses

A

detomidine

54
Q

what are the characteristics of detomidine

A

sedative with analgesic action

55
Q

when should detomidine be administered

A

sedation and anaesthetic premed

56
Q

how is detomidine administered

57
Q

what other drugs can detomidine be administered with

A

butorphanol
ketamine

58
Q

why is detomidine combined with butorphanol

A

improve analgesia & depth of sedation

59
Q

why is detomidine paired with ketamine

A

detomidine is used as a pre-med
ketamine is used as the general anaethesia

60
Q

what type of drug is medetomidine

A

alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

61
Q

what is the effect of medetomidine

A

sedation with analgesic action

62
Q

in what species should medetomidine be used

A

small animals
horses

63
Q

when is medetomidine be administered

A

to treat emergence delirium following anaesthesia

64
Q

what is the more potent derivative of medetomidine

A

dexmedetomidine

65
Q

in what species is dexmedetomidine used

A

small animals

66
Q

why is dexmedetomidine a better option in small animals

A

higher potency = 1/2 amount needed

67
Q

which derivative of medetomidine can be used in horses

A

romifidine

68
Q

how is romifidine administered

69
Q

which alpha-2 adrenergic agonistic drug should be used when wanting to treat emergence delirium following anaesthesia in a dog

A

dexmedetomidine

70
Q

which alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is used as a centrally acting antihypertensive agent

A

methyl dopa

71
Q

how is methyl dopa metabolized

A

by alpha-methyl norepinephrine in the brain

72
Q

what type of agonist is methyl dopa

A

competitive inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase

73
Q

what are the effects of using methyl dopa

A

antihypertensive agent

74
Q

when should methyl dopa be administered

A

hypertensive patients to lower blood pressure

75
Q

what are the therapeutic uses of alpha 1-adrenergic drugs

A
  1. hypotension
  2. urinary incontinence
  3. mydriatic
  4. nasal deongestant
76
Q

what are the therapeutic uses of alpha-2 adrenergic drugs

A
  1. anaesthetic premedication
  2. glaucoma
    hypertension
77
Q

what drugs can be used as anaesthetic premedications

A

medetomidine / dexmedetomidine
detomidine
xylazine
clonidine

78
Q

what drug can be used to treat glaucoma

A

apraclonidine

79
Q

what drugs are used to treat hypertension

A

clonidine
methyl dopa

80
Q

what drugs can be used to treat hypotension

A

methoxamine
metaraminol

Pharmacology 1 (10 decks)

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