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Pharmacology 1 > Adrenergic Antagonists > Flashcards

Adrenergic Antagonists Flashcards

1
Q

what are the non-selective alpha-receptor antagonistic drugs

A

phenoxybenzamine
phentolamine
tolazoline

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2
Q

what are the selective alpha1-receptor antagonistic drugs

A

prazosin
terazosin
doxazosin
tamsulosin

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3
Q

what are the selective alpha 2 receptor antagonistic drugs

A

yohimbine
atipamezole

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4
Q

what are the non-selective B receptor antagonistic drugs

A

propranolol
timolol
carvedilol
sotalol

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5
Q

what are the selective B receptor antagonistic drugs

A

metoprolol
atenolol
esmolol
acebutolol

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6
Q

which B receptor antagonist drug can also be a alpha-1 receptor antagonist

A

carvedilol

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7
Q

what are ways indirect adrenergic antagonists can impact the CNS

A

-synthesis of catecholamines
-storage and release of norepinephrine
-decreasing the central sympathetic outflow

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8
Q

what indirectly acting adrenergic antagonist interferes with the synthesis of catecholamines

A

methyl dopa

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9
Q

what indirectly acting adrenergic antagonist interferes with the storage of norepinephrine

A

resperpine

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10
Q

what are the affects of resperine

A

long-acting tranquilizer

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11
Q

what species is reserpine used in

A

horses

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12
Q

how is reserpine administered

A

IM

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13
Q

what indirectly acting adrenergic antagonist prevents the release of norepinephrine

A

guanethidine

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14
Q

what indirectly acting adrenergic antagonist decreases the central sympathetic outflow

A

clonidine

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15
Q

what type of drug is phenoxybenzamine

A

non-selective alpha-receptors antagonist

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16
Q

what is the effect phenoxybenzamine has on the receptor

A

irreversible inhibition of alpha-receptors

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17
Q

where does phenoxybenzamine act on receptors

A

presynaptic

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18
Q

what is the mode of action phenoxybenzamine have on a nerve synapse

A

inhibits reuptake of released nor-epinephrine

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19
Q

what are the pharmacological effects of phenoxybenzamine

A

prevents peripheral vasoconstriction (reflex tachycardia)
increased cardiac output

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20
Q

how does phenoxybenzamine increase cardiac output

A

blocks a2 presynaptic receptors in the heart

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21
Q

what drug can be used as a reversal drug from phenoxybenzamine

A

epinephrine

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22
Q

how does an epinephrine reversal work against phenoxybenzamine effects

A

decrease HR because all alpha receptors are blocked
- there will be vasodilation of skeletal blood vessels (B2 mediated)

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23
Q

why does the HR decrease when epinephrine is administered as a reversal drug for phenoxybenzamine

A

vasodilation of skeletal blood vessels lessens the pressure throughout the system as a whole

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24
Q

what can phenoxybenzamine be used to treat

A

pheochromocytoma
benign prostatic obstruction management
detrusor areflexia

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25
Q

why is phenoxybenzamine used in cases of pheochromocytoma

A

prevent hypertensive crisis

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26
Q

if a cat or dog is straining to pee, what drug can be used to treat its condition

A

phenoxybenzamine

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27
Q

what are the adverse effects of phenoxybenzamine

A

postural hypotension w/ reflex tachycardia & arrhythmias
nasal congestion, nausea & vomiting
inhibit ejaculation & aspermia

28
Q

True or False:

phenoxybenzamine can have a toxic nature

A

true
mutagenic nature can cause toxicity

29
Q

what type of drug is phentolamine

A

non-selective alpha antagonist

30
Q

what are the pharmacological actions of phentolamine

A

prevents peripheral vasoconstriction (reflex tachycardia)
increased cardiac output
poor GI absorption

31
Q

what is phentolamine used to treat

A

hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma
relieve pseudo-obstruction of bowel
prevent dermal necrosis on extravastion of a-agonist

32
Q

how does phentolamine act as a relief for pseudo-obstruction of bowel

A

decreased vasoconstriction / increased vasodilation = increased blood flow –> bowel movement

33
Q

what is the brand name of phentolamine used as an intraoral submucosal injection to reverse oral local anaesthetics

A

oraverse

34
Q

what are the adverse effects of phentolamine

A

postural hypotension
reflex tachycardia
arrhythmias, anginal pain
diarrhea

35
Q

what type of drug is tolazoline

A

alpha antagonist

36
Q

what is tolazoline used for

A

reverse the effects of xylazine in large animals

37
Q

for what diagnostic test can you use tolazoline

A

arteriography
-visualizing distal periphery vessels

38
Q

how can tolazoline be used in newborns

A

treat persistent pulmonary hypertension

39
Q

what are the adverse effects of tolazoline

A

cardia arrhythmias
GI stimulation

40
Q

what type of drug is prazosin

A

alpha-1 antagonist

41
Q

what are the related prazosin drugs

A

terzosin
doxazosin
tamsulosin

42
Q

what does prazosin cause pharmacologically

A

vasodilation

43
Q

what are the effects of prazosin

A

decrease peripheral resistance (vasodilation)
lowers blood pressure

44
Q

which prazosin related drug is more specific for urinary tract infections

A

tamsulosin

45
Q

what is occurs significantly less when using prazosin over other alpha antagonistic drugs to treat hypertension

A

reflex tachycardia

46
Q

what can prazosin be used to treat

A

hypertension
benign prostate hypertrophy

47
Q

what type of drug is yohimbine

A

selective alpha-2 antagonist

48
Q

what is the function of yohimbine

A

blocks alpha-2 receptors impacting the release of norepinephrine at the synaptic cleft

49
Q

how should yohimbine be administered

A

IV injection

50
Q

what species should be administered yohimbine

A

large animals

51
Q

what is yohimbine used for

A

reversal of xylazine and detomidine

52
Q

what drug is the “same” as yohimbine but used in small animals

A

atipamezole

53
Q

what type of drug is atipamezole

A

alpha-2 antagonist

54
Q

what is the use of atipamezole

A

reversal agent for dexmedetomidine & medetomidine

55
Q

what species is atipamezole used in

A

small animals

56
Q

how should atipamezole be administered

A

IM

57
Q

what is the brand name for atipamezole

A

antisedan

58
Q

what are the therapeutic uses of alpha-1 blockers

A

pheochromocytoma
hypertension
benign prostate hypertrophy

59
Q

what are the therapeutic used of alpha-2 blockers

A

reversal agent for anaesthetic premedications

60
Q

what are the non-selective Beta blockers

A

propranolol
timolol
sotalol

61
Q

what are the adverse effects of propranolol

A

bronchoconstriction
cardiac arrhythmias
hypoglycemia

62
Q

what non-selective Beta blocker can be used to treat glaucoma

A

timolol

63
Q

what non-selective beta blocker can be used as an anti-arrhythmic drug

A

sotalol

64
Q

what is sotalol used to treat

A

ventricular tachycardia

65
Q

in what species is sotalol normally used

A

dogs

66
Q

what drugs are selective Beta-1 blockers

A

atenolol
acebutolol
metoprolol
esmolol

67
Q

what are the uses of Beta-1 blockers

A

hypertension
ischemic heart disease
thyrotoxicosis
pheochromocytoma

Pharmacology 1 (10 decks)

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