Adrenergic Antagonists Flashcards
what are the non-selective alpha-receptor antagonistic drugs
phenoxybenzamine
phentolamine
tolazoline
what are the selective alpha1-receptor antagonistic drugs
prazosin
terazosin
doxazosin
tamsulosin
what are the selective alpha 2 receptor antagonistic drugs
yohimbine
atipamezole
what are the non-selective B receptor antagonistic drugs
propranolol
timolol
carvedilol
sotalol
what are the selective B receptor antagonistic drugs
metoprolol
atenolol
esmolol
acebutolol
which B receptor antagonist drug can also be a alpha-1 receptor antagonist
carvedilol
what are ways indirect adrenergic antagonists can impact the CNS
-synthesis of catecholamines
-storage and release of norepinephrine
-decreasing the central sympathetic outflow
what indirectly acting adrenergic antagonist interferes with the synthesis of catecholamines
methyl dopa
what indirectly acting adrenergic antagonist interferes with the storage of norepinephrine
resperpine
what are the affects of resperine
long-acting tranquilizer
what species is reserpine used in
horses
how is reserpine administered
IM
what indirectly acting adrenergic antagonist prevents the release of norepinephrine
guanethidine
what indirectly acting adrenergic antagonist decreases the central sympathetic outflow
clonidine
what type of drug is phenoxybenzamine
non-selective alpha-receptors antagonist
what is the effect phenoxybenzamine has on the receptor
irreversible inhibition of alpha-receptors
where does phenoxybenzamine act on receptors
presynaptic
what is the mode of action phenoxybenzamine have on a nerve synapse
inhibits reuptake of released nor-epinephrine
what are the pharmacological effects of phenoxybenzamine
prevents peripheral vasoconstriction (reflex tachycardia)
increased cardiac output
how does phenoxybenzamine increase cardiac output
blocks a2 presynaptic receptors in the heart
what drug can be used as a reversal drug from phenoxybenzamine
epinephrine
how does an epinephrine reversal work against phenoxybenzamine effects
decrease HR because all alpha receptors are blocked
- there will be vasodilation of skeletal blood vessels (B2 mediated)
why does the HR decrease when epinephrine is administered as a reversal drug for phenoxybenzamine
vasodilation of skeletal blood vessels lessens the pressure throughout the system as a whole
what can phenoxybenzamine be used to treat
pheochromocytoma
benign prostatic obstruction management
detrusor areflexia
why is phenoxybenzamine used in cases of pheochromocytoma
prevent hypertensive crisis
if a cat or dog is straining to pee, what drug can be used to treat its condition
phenoxybenzamine
what are the adverse effects of phenoxybenzamine
postural hypotension w/ reflex tachycardia & arrhythmias
nasal congestion, nausea & vomiting
inhibit ejaculation & aspermia
True or False:
phenoxybenzamine can have a toxic nature
true
mutagenic nature can cause toxicity
what type of drug is phentolamine
non-selective alpha antagonist
what are the pharmacological actions of phentolamine
prevents peripheral vasoconstriction (reflex tachycardia)
increased cardiac output
poor GI absorption
what is phentolamine used to treat
hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma
relieve pseudo-obstruction of bowel
prevent dermal necrosis on extravastion of a-agonist
how does phentolamine act as a relief for pseudo-obstruction of bowel
decreased vasoconstriction / increased vasodilation = increased blood flow –> bowel movement
what is the brand name of phentolamine used as an intraoral submucosal injection to reverse oral local anaesthetics
oraverse
what are the adverse effects of phentolamine
postural hypotension
reflex tachycardia
arrhythmias, anginal pain
diarrhea
what type of drug is tolazoline
alpha antagonist
what is tolazoline used for
reverse the effects of xylazine in large animals
for what diagnostic test can you use tolazoline
arteriography
-visualizing distal periphery vessels
how can tolazoline be used in newborns
treat persistent pulmonary hypertension
what are the adverse effects of tolazoline
cardia arrhythmias
GI stimulation
what type of drug is prazosin
alpha-1 antagonist
what are the related prazosin drugs
terzosin
doxazosin
tamsulosin
what does prazosin cause pharmacologically
vasodilation
what are the effects of prazosin
decrease peripheral resistance (vasodilation)
lowers blood pressure
which prazosin related drug is more specific for urinary tract infections
tamsulosin
what is occurs significantly less when using prazosin over other alpha antagonistic drugs to treat hypertension
reflex tachycardia
what can prazosin be used to treat
hypertension
benign prostate hypertrophy
what type of drug is yohimbine
selective alpha-2 antagonist
what is the function of yohimbine
blocks alpha-2 receptors impacting the release of norepinephrine at the synaptic cleft
how should yohimbine be administered
IV injection
what species should be administered yohimbine
large animals
what is yohimbine used for
reversal of xylazine and detomidine
what drug is the “same” as yohimbine but used in small animals
atipamezole
what type of drug is atipamezole
alpha-2 antagonist
what is the use of atipamezole
reversal agent for dexmedetomidine & medetomidine
what species is atipamezole used in
small animals
how should atipamezole be administered
IM
what is the brand name for atipamezole
antisedan
what are the therapeutic uses of alpha-1 blockers
pheochromocytoma
hypertension
benign prostate hypertrophy
what are the therapeutic used of alpha-2 blockers
reversal agent for anaesthetic premedications
what are the non-selective Beta blockers
propranolol
timolol
sotalol
what are the adverse effects of propranolol
bronchoconstriction
cardiac arrhythmias
hypoglycemia
what non-selective Beta blocker can be used to treat glaucoma
timolol
what non-selective beta blocker can be used as an anti-arrhythmic drug
sotalol
what is sotalol used to treat
ventricular tachycardia
in what species is sotalol normally used
dogs
what drugs are selective Beta-1 blockers
atenolol
acebutolol
metoprolol
esmolol
what are the uses of Beta-1 blockers
hypertension
ischemic heart disease
thyrotoxicosis
pheochromocytoma
