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Human Anatomy > Introduction to Anatomy > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Study of structure and function of a living organism

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2
Q

What are the three aspects that anatomy considers?

A

structure, function, physiology

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3
Q

What is the structure of the lungs?

A

right (3 lobes), left (2 lobes)

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4
Q

What is the function of the lungs?

A

ventilation and respiration

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5
Q

What is the physiology of the lungs?

A

pressure changes due to diffusion

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6
Q

In the anatomical position, in which direction are the palms facing?

A

Forward

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7
Q

What are the two regions of the body grouped into?

A

Axial and appendicular

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8
Q

What does the Axial region consist of?

A

head, neck, and trunk

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9
Q

What does the appendicular region consist of?

A

The extremities

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10
Q

What are the different types of planes that divide the body?

A

Frontal (coronal)
Transverse (horizontal)
Sagittal (longitudinal)

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11
Q

The frontal plane divides the body into…

A

anterior and posterior halves
(front and back)

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12
Q

Movements that occur parallel to this plane are considered…

A

planar movements

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13
Q

The two frontal plane movements for the extremities are…

A

AB-duction (away from body)
AD-duction (towards body)

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14
Q

The two frontal plane movements for the trunk and head are…

A

right and left bending

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15
Q

The transverse plane divides the body into…

A

upper and lower halves

(upper and lower body)

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16
Q

Movement of the extremities in the transverse plane consists of…

A

internal and external rotation

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17
Q

Movement of the trunk and head in the transverse plane consists of…

A

right and left rotation

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18
Q

The sagittal plane divides the body into…

A

right and left parts

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19
Q

What are the two subsections of the sagittal plane?

A

mid-sagittal
para-sagittal

20
Q

The mid-sagittal plane is divided into…

A

equal left/right divisions

21
Q

The para-sagittal plane is divided into…

A

unequal left/right division

22
Q

Movement of the extremities in the sagittal plane consists of…

A

flexion , extension, hyperextension

23
Q

Movements of the trunk and head in the sagittal plane consists of…

A

flexion, extension

24
Q

What is the dorsal body cavity, and what does it consist of?

A

Back
- cranial cavity
- vertebral cavity

25
Q

What is the cranial cavity?

A

inside of the skull
- houses brain and fluid

26
Q

What is the vertebral cavity?

A

vertebral column
- houses spinal cord and fluid

27
Q

What does the ventral body cavity contain?

A

visceral organs

28
Q

What are the two main divisions of the ventral body cavity?

A

Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity

29
Q

What does the thoracic cavity contain?

A

heart and lungs
- ABOVE the diaphragm

30
Q

What does the abdominopelvic cavity consist of?

A

Abdominal and pelvic cavity

31
Q

What does the abdominal cavity contain?

A

digestive internal organs
- BELOW the diaphragm

32
Q

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

A

urinary bladder, reproductive organs and rectum
-BELOW the abdominal cavity

33
Q

What does anterior (ventral) refer to?

A

Front of body

34
Q

What does posterior (dorsal) refer to?

A

Back of body

35
Q

What does superior (cranial) refer to?

A

Above

36
Q

What does inferior (caudal) refer to?

A

Below

37
Q

What does medial refer to?

A

towards midline of body

38
Q

What does lateral refer to?

A

away from midline of body

39
Q

What does proximal refer to?

A

near trunk of body
(point of attachment)

40
Q

What does distal refer to?

A

farther from trunk of body
(point of attachment)

41
Q

What does superficial (external) refer to?

A

towards surface of body

42
Q

What does deep (internal) refer to?

A

away from surface of body

43
Q

What does ipsilateral refer to?

A

on same side of body

44
Q

What does contralateral refer to?

A

on opposite sides of body

45
Q

What are the three types pf reinforcing ligaments in synovial joints?

A

Capsular (intrinsic).
Extracapsular
Intracapsular

46
Q

What are the four types of synovial joints?

A

Plane (intercarpal joints - wrist)
Condyloid (metacarpo-phalangeal joint)
Ball & socket (hip and shoulder)
Hinge (elbow joint)

47
Q

What is angular motion?

A

change in position between segments

ie. forearm in comparison to rest of arm

Human Anatomy (4 decks)

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