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Human Anatomy > Bones and the skeleton > Flashcards

Bones and the skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • support
  • protection
  • movement
  • electrolyte balance
  • blood formation
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2
Q

How does the skeletal system aid in body movement?

A

bones serve as levers for muscles

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3
Q

What are the main points of protection provided by the skeletal system?

A

brain (skull), spinal cord (spine), internal organs

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4
Q

How does the skeletal system aid in electrolyte balance?

A

bone store and release calcium and phosphate

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5
Q

How does the skeletal system aid in blood formation?

A

bone marrow is the source of new blood cells

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6
Q

what is the skeletal system composed of?

A

bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments

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7
Q

What does cartilage do?

A

acts as shock absorption
- allows for smooth joint movement

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8
Q

What do ligaments do?

A
  • form connections between bones
  • constraints skeletal movement (prevents excessive movement)
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9
Q

What are tendons?

A

connections of (skeletal) muscle tissue to bone

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10
Q

What do tendons do?

A

transfer muscle force to bone to generate motion

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11
Q

What is the term for where muscle cells are located?

A

bellies

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12
Q

what is the process of signal transmission from the PNS to SNS to muscle movement?

A

tendon -> muscle -> bone

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13
Q

What are the key locations in which you would find cartilage?

A
  • external ear
  • nose
  • articular cartilage
  • costal cartilage
  • between vertebrae
  • pubic symphysis
  • articular discs
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14
Q

Where do you find articular cartilage?

A

covering ends of bones

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15
Q

What is articular (hyaline) cartilage best known for?

A

its flexibility and resilience

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16
Q

Where do you find costal cartilage?

A

in the ribs

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17
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Articular (hyaline) cartilages
Elastic cartilages
Firbocartilages

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18
Q

Where do you find elastic cartilage?

A

ear and nose

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19
Q

where do you find fibrocartilage?

A

between vertebrae and at insertions of ligaments and tendons.

(pubic symphysis is fibrocartilage too)

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20
Q

The cells that comprise cartilage are called…

A

chondrocytes

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21
Q

What is the lacuna?

A

the space containing chondrocytes

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22
Q

Why can’t cartilage heal once it is damaged?

A

contains no nervous innervation or blood vessels

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23
Q

Red bone marrow is known for what purpose?

A

blood cell production

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24
Q

What does an epiphysial line indicate?

A

a closure of a growth plate

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25
How can you distinguish a bone as a long bone?
when the length is greater than the width
26
What does yellow bone marrow contain?
fatty tissue
27
what distinguishes yellow bone marrow from the function of red bone marrow?
Yellow bone marrow has no blood cell production
28
What is the periosteum?
the outer bone covering
29
Does the periosteum house a nervous system supply?
Yes
30
What is the nutrient foramen?
blood vessel passage
31
What is an example of where compact and spongy bone can be located?
the skull
32
What is a flat bone?
two layers of compact bone enclosing a middle layer of spongy bone
33
What is a short bone?
a bone that is equal in length and width (ie. carpal bones)
34
What are irregular bones?
shapes that dont fit other categories (ie. scapula)
35
How many bones are in the human body?
206
36
What is a sesamoid bone?
bones that form within tendons
37
How many bones do we have at birth?
270
38
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body? (on exam)
Patella
39
For what muscle attachment does the vertebral column serve a purpose?
thoracic muscles
40
What portion of the vertebral column acts as shock absorption?
intervertebral discs (cartilage)
41
What are the main purposes of the vertebral column?
- support and movement - protection of the spinal cord
42
How many vertebrae are in the cervical ("C") region?
7
43
What is the cervical region?
neck
44
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic ("T") region?
12
45
What is the thoracic region?
Thorax
46
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar ("L") region?
5
47
What is the lumbar region?
low back
48
How many vertebrae compose the sacrum?
5 fused
49
How many vertebrae compose the coccyx?
3-5 fused
50
Muscles ________ motion. Ligaments __________ it.
Muscles PROMOTE motion Ligaments CHECK it
51
How many intervertebral discs are there in the spine?
23
52
What is the main function of an intervertebral disc?
shock absorption
53
What are intervertebral discs made of?
firbocartilage
54
C1 to C7 are the...
smallest and lightest vertebrae
55
C1 is referred to as the _______.
atlas (holds up the world)
56
C2 is referred to as the _______.
axis
57
C1 and C2 form the...
atlantoaxial joint
58
The coccyx is also known as your...
tailbone
59
What bones encompass the skull?
cranial facial lower jaw
60
What is the purpose of cranial bones?
encloses the brain in the cranial cavity
61
What are the two regions of cranial bone?
cranial vault (brain enclosure) cranial base
62
What bones encompass the cranial base?
frontal, temporal, and occipital lobe
63
The cranial bones are the sites of attachment for the...
head and neck muscles
64
Facial bones are the...
framework of face
65
Facial bones are the sites of attachment for the...
teeth and muscles of facial expression
66
What are the distinguishing properties of the lower jaw?
largest, strongest bone of face
67
The lower jaw is what type of joint?
temporomandibular (only freely movable joint in skull)
68
If you palpate directly behind your ear, what bone would you feel?
the mastoid process
69
Thoracic cage contains...
thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and ribs
70
The upper limb contains how many bones?
30
71
The brachium refers to the...
Humerus - upper portion of the limb
72
Antebrachium refers to...
forearm - radius and ulna
73
The radius always follows the ________?
Thumb
74
The hand contains three regions. What are they?
1. Carpal region 2. Palm = metacarpals 3. Fingers = Phalanges
75
How many bones are in the carpal region?
8
76
How many metacarpals are there in the hand?
5
77
How many phalanges are there in the body?
14
78
What are the different regions within a phalange?
Distal, middle, proximal - the thumb only has distal and proximal
79
The lower limb contains how many bones?
30
80
The thigh (femoral region) includes what bones?
Femur and patella
80
The foot (tarsal region) contains how many bones?
8
81
Leg proper (crural region) contains what bones?
Tibia (media) and fibula (lateral)
82
The bones in the foot aren't called metacarpals. They are instead called ______.
Metatarsals
83
The calcaneus is the __________ bone.
Largest tarsal bone
84
The Calcaneus is the attachment for the ________ tendon.
Achilles
85

Human Anatomy (4 decks)

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