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Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

The external body covering

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2
Q

What does the integumentary system contain?

A

skin and its appendages
- sweat glands
- hair
- nails
- oil glands

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3
Q

Skin is the…

A

largest organ in the body
(approx. 7% of body mass)

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4
Q

What are the different layers of the skin?

A

epidermis (most superficial)
dermis (middle)
hypodermis (deepest)
subcutaneous layer (technically not part of skin - deepest layer))

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5
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer composed of?

A

adipose tissue

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6
Q

What comprises the cutaneous membrane?

A

epidermis and the dermis

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7
Q

What are the main functions of skin?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Body temp. regulation
  3. Cutaneous sensations
  4. Metabolic functions
  5. Blood reservoir
  6. Excretion
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8
Q

What does protection consist of in the skin?

A

chemical, physical, and biological barriers

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9
Q

What are cutaneous sensations?

A

temperature, touch, pain

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10
Q

What do metabolic functions consist of in the skin?

A

synthesis of vitamin D from cholesterol

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11
Q

What does the blood reservoir consist of in the skin?

A

circulates up to 5% of body’s blood volume

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12
Q

What does excretion consist of in the skin?

A

nitrogenous wastes and salt in sweat

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13
Q

The epidermis consists of what type of cells?

A

Squamous

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14
Q

What are strata?

A

cell layers

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15
Q

How many layers does THIN skin have?

A

4

(ie. eyelids)

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16
Q

How many layers does THICK skin have?

A

5

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17
Q

What type of cells comprise the deepest layer of the epidermis?

A

basal cells - metabolically active

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18
Q

What process creates cells that are the most superficial in the epidermis?

A

Mitosis
(these are the cells we shed)

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19
Q

Surface cells are flattened and filled with…

A

keratin

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20
Q

What are the four types of cells that the epidermis contains?

A
  1. keratinocytes
  2. melanocytes
  3. tactile epithelial cells
  4. dendritic cells
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21
Q

What are some key properties of keratinocytes?

A
  • most abundant epidermal cell
  • produces keratin
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22
Q

What is keratin?

A
  • fibrous protein
  • intermediate filament
  • comprises cytoskeleton
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23
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

collection of proteins that connect other cells

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24
Q

What are some key properties of melanocytes?

A
  • produces melanin (skin pigment)
  • UV protection
25
What are some key properties of tactile epithelial (merkel) cells?
- functions are a receptor for touch - connected to sensory nerve endings
26
What are some key properties of dendritic cells?
- immune system cells - develop into macrophages (white blood cell)
27
What is the dermis?
deeper region of the skin (to the epidermis)
28
What is deep to the epidermis?
the dermis
29
What comprises the dermis?
- firboblasts - macrophages - mast cells - dermal blood vessels - other white blood cells and proteins
30
What are dermal blood vessels?
two plexuses (network of vessels)
31
What is the function of the dermis?
blood supply and temperature regulation
32
What are the two dermal plexuses?
dermal plexus subpapillary plexus
33
What is a plexus?
cluster of blood vessels
34
What are the two layers of the dermis?
1. Papillary 2. Reticular
35
What is the papillary layer deep to?
the stratum basale of the epidermis
36
What is the papillary layer?
fingerlike projections of dermis into the epidermal layer
37
What is reticular layer deep to?
the papillary layer
38
What is the reticular layer?
thick layer that forms a network of dense irregular connective tissue
39
True or false: The Hypodermis IS a part of the skin
FALSE
40
What is the hypodermis?
subcutaneous tissue (under the skin) = superficial fascia
41
What is the function of the hypodermis?
anchors skin to underlying connective tissue
42
What comprises the hypodermis?
areolar and adipose connective tissue
43
What are nails a result of?
modification of the epidermis
44
What are nails made of?
hard keratin
45
The nail plate is surrounded by folds of skin on three sides called the....
proximal and lateral nail folds
46
Nails have three parts. They are...
the root, nail plate, and free edge
47
Hair is developed from...
invaginations of the epidermis forming the follicle
48
Hair is raised via the...
arrector pili
49
Hair consists of two parts. The _______ and the _______.
Shaft - dead keratinized cells Root - surrounded by follicle
50
What are the two MAIN types of cutaneous glands?
1. sebaceous (oil) glands 2. sudoriferous (sweat) glands
51
What are some key properties of sebaceous glands?
- produces sebum - connected to hair follicles
52
What is a key property of sebum?
flows superficially to cover skin - acts as protection for hair and skin
53
What are the two types of sudoriferous glands?
1. eccrine 2. apocrine
54
What do eccrine do?
produces TRUE sweat - connected to surface of skin via pores
55
What do apocrine do?
produces SPECIAL sweat - connected to hair follicles in axillary, anal, and genital areas
56
What are some other types of cutaneous glands?
- modified sweat glands - ceruminous glands - mammary glands
57
What do ceruminous glands do?
lines the external ear canal and produces ear wax (cerumen)
58
What do mammary glands do?
secrete milk

Human Anatomy (4 decks)

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