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Human Anatomy > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

The external body covering

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2
Q

What does the integumentary system contain?

A

skin and its appendages
- sweat glands
- hair
- nails
- oil glands

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3
Q

Skin is the…

A

largest organ in the body
(approx. 7% of body mass)

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4
Q

What are the different layers of the skin?

A

epidermis (most superficial)
dermis (middle)
hypodermis (deepest)
subcutaneous layer (technically not part of skin - deepest layer))

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5
Q

What is the subcutaneous layer composed of?

A

adipose tissue

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6
Q

What comprises the cutaneous membrane?

A

epidermis and the dermis

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7
Q

What are the main functions of skin?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Body temp. regulation
  3. Cutaneous sensations
  4. Metabolic functions
  5. Blood reservoir
  6. Excretion
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8
Q

What does protection consist of in the skin?

A

chemical, physical, and biological barriers

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9
Q

What are cutaneous sensations?

A

temperature, touch, pain

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10
Q

What do metabolic functions consist of in the skin?

A

synthesis of vitamin D from cholesterol

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11
Q

What does the blood reservoir consist of in the skin?

A

circulates up to 5% of body’s blood volume

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12
Q

What does excretion consist of in the skin?

A

nitrogenous wastes and salt in sweat

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13
Q

The epidermis consists of what type of cells?

A

Squamous

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14
Q

What are strata?

A

cell layers

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15
Q

How many layers does THIN skin have?

A

4

(ie. eyelids)

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16
Q

How many layers does THICK skin have?

A

5

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17
Q

What type of cells comprise the deepest layer of the epidermis?

A

basal cells - metabolically active

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18
Q

What process creates cells that are the most superficial in the epidermis?

A

Mitosis
(these are the cells we shed)

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19
Q

Surface cells are flattened and filled with…

A

keratin

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20
Q

What are the four types of cells that the epidermis contains?

A
  1. keratinocytes
  2. melanocytes
  3. tactile epithelial cells
  4. dendritic cells
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21
Q

What are some key properties of keratinocytes?

A
  • most abundant epidermal cell
  • produces keratin
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22
Q

What is keratin?

A
  • fibrous protein
  • intermediate filament
  • comprises cytoskeleton
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23
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

collection of proteins that connect other cells

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24
Q

What are some key properties of melanocytes?

A
  • produces melanin (skin pigment)
  • UV protection
25
Q

What are some key properties of tactile epithelial (merkel) cells?

A
  • functions are a receptor for touch
  • connected to sensory nerve endings
26
Q

What are some key properties of dendritic cells?

A
  • immune system cells
  • develop into macrophages (white blood cell)
27
Q

What is the dermis?

A

deeper region of the skin (to the epidermis)

28
Q

What is deep to the epidermis?

A

the dermis

29
Q

What comprises the dermis?

A
  • firboblasts
  • macrophages
  • mast cells
  • dermal blood vessels
  • other white blood cells and proteins
30
Q

What are dermal blood vessels?

A

two plexuses (network of vessels)

31
Q

What is the function of the dermis?

A

blood supply and temperature regulation

32
Q

What are the two dermal plexuses?

A

dermal plexus
subpapillary plexus

33
Q

What is a plexus?

A

cluster of blood vessels

34
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Papillary
  2. Reticular
35
Q

What is the papillary layer deep to?

A

the stratum basale of the epidermis

36
Q

What is the papillary layer?

A

fingerlike projections of dermis into the epidermal layer

37
Q

What is reticular layer deep to?

A

the papillary layer

38
Q

What is the reticular layer?

A

thick layer that forms a network of dense irregular connective tissue

39
Q

True or false:
The Hypodermis IS a part of the skin

A

FALSE

40
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

subcutaneous tissue (under the skin) = superficial fascia

41
Q

What is the function of the hypodermis?

A

anchors skin to underlying connective tissue

42
Q

What comprises the hypodermis?

A

areolar and adipose connective tissue

43
Q

What are nails a result of?

A

modification of the epidermis

44
Q

What are nails made of?

A

hard keratin

45
Q

The nail plate is surrounded by folds of skin on three sides called the….

A

proximal and lateral nail folds

46
Q

Nails have three parts. They are…

A

the root, nail plate, and free edge

47
Q

Hair is developed from…

A

invaginations of the epidermis forming the follicle

48
Q

Hair is raised via the…

A

arrector pili

49
Q

Hair consists of two parts. The _______ and the _______.

A

Shaft
- dead keratinized cells
Root
- surrounded by follicle

50
Q

What are the two MAIN types of cutaneous glands?

A
  1. sebaceous (oil) glands
  2. sudoriferous (sweat) glands
51
Q

What are some key properties of sebaceous glands?

A
  • produces sebum
  • connected to hair follicles
52
Q

What is a key property of sebum?

A

flows superficially to cover skin
- acts as protection for hair and skin

53
Q

What are the two types of sudoriferous glands?

A
  1. eccrine
  2. apocrine
54
Q

What do eccrine do?

A

produces TRUE sweat
- connected to surface of skin via pores

55
Q

What do apocrine do?

A

produces SPECIAL sweat
- connected to hair follicles in axillary, anal, and genital areas

56
Q

What are some other types of cutaneous glands?

A
  • modified sweat glands
  • ceruminous glands
  • mammary glands
57
Q

What do ceruminous glands do?

A

lines the external ear canal and produces ear wax (cerumen)

58
Q

What do mammary glands do?

A

secrete milk

Human Anatomy (4 decks)

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