Introduction of Biopsych Flashcards
it is defined as “the branch of psychology that studies the biological foundations of behavior, emotions, and mental processes”(Pickett, 2000).
Biological psychology
He represents the oldest known medical writing in history (5,000 years old).
Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus
Greek scholars of the fourth century b.c. proposed that the brain was the _
organ of sensation
He went further by suggesting that the brain was also the source of intelligence. He correctly identified epilepsy as originating in the brain.
Hippocrates (460-379 b.c.)
He believed that the heart was the source of intellect.
Aristotle
he is often referred to as the father of anatomy, believed that the ventricles (the fluid-filled cavities in the brain) played this important role.
Herophilus
A philosophical perspective put forward by Rene
Descartes in which the body is mechanistic, whereas the mind is separate and nonphysical.
Mind-body dualism
- A philosophical perspective characteristic of the neurosciences in which the mind is viewed as the product of activity in the brain and nervous system.
Monism
microscopes
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
- observer of electricity
Benjamin Franklin
- established electricity as the mode of communication used by the nervous system.
Luigi Galvani and Emil du Bois-Reymond
continued to support the concept of the nervous system as a vast, interconnected network of continuous fibers.
Camillo Golgi -
argued that the nervous system was composed of an array of separate, independent cells. Cajal’s concept came to be known as the Neuron Doctrine.
Santiago Ramon y Cajal
- The examination of body tissues following death.
Autopsy
- An imaging technology in which computers are used to enhance X-ray images.
Computerized tomography (CT)
An imaging technique that provides information regarding the localization of brain activity.
Positron emission tomography (PET)
An imaging technique that provides very high resolution structural images.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -
- A technology using a series of MRI images taken 1 to 4 seconds apart in order to assess the activity of the brain.
functional MRI (MRI)
A technology for studying the activity of the brain through recordings from electrodes placed on the scalp.
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
A technology for recording the magnetic output of the brain.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
it is an injury to neural tissue and can be either naturally occurring or deliberately produced.
lesion
- large areas of brain tissue are surgically removed
Ablation
It relates a behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs. It deals with the machinery of the body —for example, the chemical reactions that enable hormones to influence brain activity and the routes by which brain activity controls muscle contractions.
physiological explanation
It describes how a structure or behavior develops, including the influences of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions.
ontogenetic explanation
reconstructs the evolutionary history of a structure or behavior.
An evolutionary explanation
describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did. Within a small, isolated population, a gene can spread by accident through a process called genetic drift.
functional explanation
