Finals: Sleep

Question 1

describes our awareness of internal and external stimuli.

Answer 1

Consciousness

Question 2

• is a state marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest that occur during wakefulness.

Answer 2

Sleep

Question 3

is characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior.

Answer 3

Wakefulness

Question 4

are internal rhythms of biological activity. A woman’s menstrual cycle is an example of a biological rhythm-a recurring, cyclical pattern of bodily changes.

Answer 4

Biological rhythms

Question 5

is a biological rhythm that takes place over a period of about 24 hours.
• Ex. heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar, and body temperature.

Answer 5

circadian rhythm

Question 6

is the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system.

Answer 6

Homeostasis

Question 7

hormone important for the sleep-wake cycle.

Answer 7

Melatonin

Question 8

an endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin.

Answer 8

pineal gland

Question 9

a collection of symptoms that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment.

Answer 9

Jet lag

Question 10

Individuals who do ____ are also likely to experience disruptions in circadian cycles. this has pervasive effects on the lives and experiences of individuals engaged in that kind of work.

Answer 10

rotating shift work

Question 11

When people have difficulty getting sleep due to their work or the demands of day-to-day life.

Answer 11

sleep debt

Question 12

refers to the fact that a sleep deprived individual will tend to take a shorter time to fall asleep during subsequent opportunities for sleep.

Answer 12

Sleep rebound

Question 13

sleep is characterized by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids.

Answer 13

Rapid eye movement (REM)

Question 14

sleep is subdivided into four stages distinguished from each other and from wakefulness by characteristic patterns of brain waves.

Answer 14

Non-REM (NREM)

Question 15

• phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep.

Answer 15

Stage 1 sleep

Question 16

the body goes into a state of deep relaxation.

Answer 16

Stage 2 sleep

Question 17

sleep are often referred to as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep.

Answer 17

Stage 3 and stage 4

Question 18

is the actual content, or storyline, of a dream.

Answer 18

Manifest content

Question 19

on the other hand, refers to the hidden meaning of a dream.

Answer 19

Latent content

Question 20

Neuroscientists have also become interested in understanding why we dream.
• For example, Hobson (2009) suggests that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness.
• In other words, dreaming involves constructing a virtual reality in our heads that we might use to help us during wakefulness.

Answer 20

dreams

Question 21

are dreams in which certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dream state. In a this, a person becomes aware of the fact that they are dreaming, and as such, they can control the dream’s content

Answer 21

Lucid dreams

Question 22

• a consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep

Answer 22

INSOMNIA

Question 23

is almost always associated with feeling overtired and may be associated with symptoms of depression

Answer 23

Chronic insomnia

Question 24

is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/ or experiences during sleep play a role.

Answer 24

Parasomnias

Question 25

the sleeper engages in relatively complex behaviors ranging from wandering about to driving an automobile.

Answer 25

Sleepwalking/somnambulism

Question 26

-occurs when the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur. Individuals who suffer from RBD have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams.

Answer 26

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

Question 27

result in a sense of panic in the sufferer and are often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape from the immediate environment.

Answer 27

Night terrors

Question 28

is defined by episodes during which a sleeper’s breathing stops.
• These episodes can last 10-20 seconds or longer and often are associated with brief periods of arousal.

Answer 28

Sleep apnea

Question 29

occurs when an individual’s airway becomes blocked during sleep.

Answer 29

Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 30

disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing cause periods of interrupted breathing.

Answer 30

Central sleep apnea

Question 31

its a device includes a mask that fits over the sleeper’s nose and mouth, which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person’s airways, forcing them to remain open.

Answer 31

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Question 32

• an infant stops breathing during sleep and dies. Infants younger than 12 months appear to be at the highest risk for this, and boys have a greater risk than girls.

Answer 32

SIDS sudden infant death syndrome

Question 33

• a person with this cannot resist falling asleep at inopportune times.

Answer 33

NARCOLEPSY