Finals: Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

describes our awareness of internal and external stimuli.

A

Consciousness

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2
Q
  • is a state marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest that occur during wakefulness.
A

Sleep

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3
Q

is characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior.

A

Wakefulness

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4
Q

are internal rhythms of biological activity. A woman’s menstrual cycle is an example of a biological rhythm-a recurring, cyclical pattern of bodily changes.

A

Biological rhythms

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5
Q

is a biological rhythm that takes place over a period of about 24 hours.
• Ex. heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar, and body temperature.

A

circadian rhythm

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6
Q

is the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system.

A

Homeostasis

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7
Q

hormone important for the sleep-wake cycle.

A

Melatonin

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8
Q

an endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin.

A

pineal gland

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9
Q

a collection of symptoms that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment.

A

Jet lag

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10
Q

Individuals who do ____ are also likely to experience disruptions in circadian cycles. this has pervasive effects on the lives and experiences of individuals engaged in that kind of work.

A

rotating shift work

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11
Q

When people have difficulty getting sleep due to their work or the demands of day-to-day life.

A

sleep debt

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12
Q

refers to the fact that a sleep deprived individual will tend to take a shorter time to fall asleep during subsequent opportunities for sleep.

A

Sleep rebound

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13
Q

sleep is characterized by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids.

A

Rapid eye movement (REM)

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14
Q

sleep is subdivided into four stages distinguished from each other and from wakefulness by characteristic patterns of brain waves.

A

Non-REM (NREM)

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15
Q
  • phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep.
A

Stage 1 sleep

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16
Q

the body goes into a state of deep relaxation.

A

Stage 2 sleep

17
Q

sleep are often referred to as deep sleep or slow-wave sleep.

A

Stage 3 and stage 4

18
Q

is the actual content, or storyline, of a dream.

A

Manifest content

19
Q

on the other hand, refers to the hidden meaning of a dream.

A

Latent content

20
Q

Neuroscientists have also become interested in understanding why we dream.
• For example, Hobson (2009) suggests that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness.
• In other words, dreaming involves constructing a virtual reality in our heads that we might use to help us during wakefulness.

A

dreams

21
Q

are dreams in which certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dream state. In a this, a person becomes aware of the fact that they are dreaming, and as such, they can control the dream’s content

A

Lucid dreams

22
Q
  • a consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep
A

INSOMNIA

23
Q

is almost always associated with feeling overtired and may be associated with symptoms of depression

A

Chronic insomnia

24
Q

is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/ or experiences during sleep play a role.

A

Parasomnias

25
Q

the sleeper engages in relatively complex behaviors ranging from wandering about to driving an automobile.

A

Sleepwalking/somnambulism

26
Q

-occurs when the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur. Individuals who suffer from RBD have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams.

A

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

27
Q

result in a sense of panic in the sufferer and are often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape from the immediate environment.

A

Night terrors

28
Q

is defined by episodes during which a sleeper’s breathing stops.
• These episodes can last 10-20 seconds or longer and often are associated with brief periods of arousal.

A

Sleep apnea

29
Q

occurs when an individual’s airway becomes blocked during sleep.

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

30
Q

disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing cause periods of interrupted breathing.

A

Central sleep apnea

31
Q

its a device includes a mask that fits over the sleeper’s nose and mouth, which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person’s airways, forcing them to remain open.

A

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

32
Q
  • an infant stops breathing during sleep and dies. Infants younger than 12 months appear to be at the highest risk for this, and boys have a greater risk than girls.
A

SIDS sudden infant death syndrome

33
Q
  • a person with this cannot resist falling asleep at inopportune times.
A

NARCOLEPSY