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cyaf 471 > introduction & historical perspective > Flashcards

introduction & historical perspective Flashcards

1
Q

Define the biopsychosocial approach to understanding sexual behavior and provide one example for each component.

A

bio: ex: genetics, anatomy, hormones
psycho: ex: previous experiences, psychopathology
social: overall community context

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2
Q

What is pederasty, and which ancient culture practiced it?

A

Pederasty is a mentoring, sexual relationship between a young man and a dominant older man, practiced in ancient Greek culture.

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3
Q

List the components of sexual intelligence.

A

Self-understanding, interpersonal sexual skills, scientific knowledge, consideration of the cultural context of sexuality.

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4
Q

Name 3 behaviors common in non-human animals related to sexuality.

A

Masturbation, sexual interactions with the same gender, sexual signaling (flirting)

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5
Q

Discuss one characteristic of sexual behavior in more complex animals.

A

More tied to environmental factors, such as learning.

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6
Q

Provide an example of using sexual behavior for non-sexual purposes.

A

To communicate aggression or submission.

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7
Q

Name approaches to sexuality in ancient Egyptian societies

A
  • recognized and treated STI’s
  • practiced circumcision
  • used sponges for contraception
  • women allowed to divorce, no abortion
  • first culture to eliminate prostitution (sex as part of religious observation)
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8
Q

Describe aspects of the approach to sexuality in ancient Greek societies.

A
  • gods engaged in full range of sexual behavior
  • males & females → assumed to be bisexual
    practiced pederasty
  • women: no legal rights, no education, & kept at home
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9
Q

Explain aspects of the approach to sexuality in ancient Hebrew societies.

A
  • belief in one God provided 1 standard for behavior, codified in an extensive set of laws
  • emphasis on procreation – marital sex celebrated;
  • women: husband’s property & husband can divorce w/o reason
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10
Q

Discuss aspects of the approach to sexuality in ancient Roman societies.

A

Few restrictions on sexual behavior, with upper classes being notorious for sexual excesses.

-same-sex behaviors & relationships = tolerated

  • women more visible socially but still considered property.
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11
Q

Approach to sexuality in ancient societies— China

A

Taoism valued heterosexual sex as a means of combining yin and yang, with manuals existing to increase proficiency.

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12
Q

Describe the Hindu approach to sexuality.

A

Hinduism focuses on the cycle of life and rebirth, valuing sex, and the Kama Sutra is a relevant text.
- female valued less than males

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13
Q

Define the Kama Sutra

A

A detailed manual for sexual activity, also including information on improving relationships and family functioning

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14
Q

Define yin and yang energy in the context of sexuality.

A

Yin: Feminine, passive;

Yang: Masculine, assertive.

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15
Q

What were antimiscegenation laws, and when were they first passed?

A

Antimiscegenation laws outlawed sexual contact and marriage between whites and nonwhites, first passed in 1670.
- passed in 30 states, including NE

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16
Q

Which case led to the overturning of antimiscegenation laws by the Supreme Court in 1967?

A

Loving case
- prosecuted violating VA law

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17
Q

Discuss the approach of Paul towards sexuality in Christianity.

A

Paul emphasized rejection of “desires of the flesh” and taught that chastity was the highest goal, with marriage as a way of avoiding sin for those who couldn’t abstain.

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18
Q

How did Thomas Aquinas contribute to the regulation of sexual behavior?

A

Thomas Aquinas further codified restrictions on sexual behavior through his writings, which served as the basis for the persecution of same-gender sexual behavior and suspected witches.

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19
Q

What was Augustine’s view on sexual desire and its permissibility?

A

Augustine associated sexual desire with the original sin of Adam and Eve, arguing that sex was permissible only for purposes of procreation.

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20
Q

Describe Martin Luther’s stance on marital sex.

A

Martin Luther saw marital sex as valuable for strengthening marriages and managing stress

21
Q

How was sexuality perceived during the Protestant Reformation?

A

Marital sex was seen as valuable by Martin Luther and Calvin for strengthening marriages and managing stress

22
Q

How was sexuality perceived during the Enlightenment period?

A

Sex was viewed as a natural drive, and there was an increased interest in women’s rights. However, there was also a continuation of persecution against gays and lesbians.

23
Q

Sexuality in Post-Revolutionary America

A

secularization of society lead to a relaxation of sexual prohibitions

24
Q

What was Henry Havelock Ellis known for?

A

suggested that both genders could enjoy sex and saw sexual orientation as innate. He also coined the term “erogenous zones.”

25
Q

How did Sigmund Freud view the relationship between adult personality and sexual development?

A

saw adult personality as determined by an individual’s success or lack thereof in negotiating stages of sexual development in childhood

26
Q

What did Richard Von Krafft-Ebbing investigate?

A

investigated deviant sexual behavior

27
Q

How were attitudes towards sexuality characterized during the Victorian era?

A

Adherence to strict codes of behavior was a status symbol, abstinence was encouraged, and same-gender sexual behavior was criminalized, women shouldn’t be interested in sex

28
Q

What were the Comstock laws, and when were they passed?

A

passed in 1873, aimed to prevent and prosecute the distribution of material considered “obscene” through the mail, including medical texts and information on birth control and STIs

29
Q

What event marked the beginning of the women’s rights movement in 1848 led by Susan B Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton?

A

The Seneca Falls Convention.

30
Q

What was the Cult of True Womanhood, and what was its belief about women’s role?

A

believed that a woman’s only place is in the home, and these attitudes were exported around the world through colonialism.

31
Q

How did Graham and Kellogg suggest reducing masturbation?

A

They encouraged consumption of bland food to reduce masturbation

32
Q

Who conducted the first survey of sexual behavior & what did it focus on ?

A

Clelia Duel-Moser

– focused on female sexual issues

33
Q

Who created the first scientific journal focused on sexuality and established a clinic to treat STIs, infertility, and sexual problems?

A

Magnus Hirschfeld

34
Q

Who conducted the first large-scale survey of American sexual attitudes and behaviors?

A

Alfred Kinsey

35
Q

Who conducted research that determined having a non-heterosexual orientation is not inherently pathological?

A

Evelyn Hooker

36
Q

What major discoveries were made by Masters and Johnson in their study of sexual response?

A

They discovered the possibility of multiple orgasms for women and effects of performance anxiety.

37
Q

What movement argued for improving the population through sterilization and forbidding marriage of people with undesired characteristics?

A

Eugenics movement

38
Q

What were some of the roots of the sexual revolution?

A

grew from feminism, penicillin, and the birth control pill.

39
Q

Who spoke out against Comstock Laws and advocated for contraception as a means to improve quality of life and reduce poverty?

A

Margaret Sanger

40
Q

What does Title IX prohibit?

A

prohibits sex discrimination in educational settings funded by the government.

41
Q

What event led to increased gay activism and is considered a significant moment in the gay liberation movement?

A

Stonewall riot.

42
Q

What was the significance of the Lawrence vs. Texas Supreme Court decision in 2003?

A

It decriminalized same-gender sexual activity.

43
Q

What movement has been credited with increasing awareness and reducing rates of sexual violence?

A

Me Too movement

44
Q

What were some effects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

A

increased access to contraception and gender transition care

45
Q

What did the Bostock vs. Clayton County case achieve?

A

prohibits employment discrimination based on sexual orientation and increased support from businesses and religions. It also led to professional rejection of conversion therapy.

46
Q

What was the outcome of the Dobbs vs. Jackson Women’s Health case?

A

overturned Roe v. Wade, although some states and cities have moved to protect access. It has also increased the risk of pregnancy complications.

47
Q

What did the Obergefeld vs. Hodges case decree?

A

decreed that marriage is a constitutional right for all under the 14th amendment

48
Q

What is the aim of Religious Refusal/Religious Freedom Restoration legislation?

A

It aims to create exemptions from anti-discrimination laws based on religious grounds

49
Q

What term describes healthcare workers declining to provide treatment based on their religious beliefs?

A

Conscience

cyaf 471 (7 decks)

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