exam 2

Question 1

Why are teenage girls at a higher risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) despite being taught about abstinence?

Answer 1

limited education on STI prevention beyond abstinence,

physical immaturity in their cervixes,

and engaging in risky sexual behaviors influenced by cognitive immaturity and binge drinking

Question 2

What is the definition of polyamory?

Answer 2

state of being in love or romantically involved with more than one person at the same time

Question 3

what is a domestic partnership?

Answer 3

An interpersonal relationship between two people who live together and share a common domestic life but are not married

Question 4

What is the “learning” theory regarding the origin of same-gender sexuality, and how does it relate to societal behaviors?

Answer 4

Same-gender sexuality results from positive experiences with same gender and negative experiences with other gender. Not generally supported by research on humans and inconsistent with reality of societal punishment of same-gender behavior

Question 5

Describe the developmental stages of sexual orientation based on childhood and adolescence.

Answer 5

Childhood: sexual orientation set prior to puberty and involvement in sexual experience. Generally become aware of sexual orientation at the age of 8

Adolescence: may feel isolated as peers begin to date other gender

Question 6

What defines child marriage, and what are some of the typical consequences experienced by individuals involved in such unions?

Answer 6

Formal marriage or informal union entered into by an individual before reaching the age of 18.
- They are often disempowered, dependent on husbands, and deprived of fundamental rights to health, education, and safety.

Question 7

remarriage rates after divorce -

Answer 7

most will remarry, but risk of another divorce increase with each marriage

Question 8

Primary syphilis:

Answer 8

painless chancres (lesions) appear 3 weeks after
infection on vagina, cervix, labia, scrotum, and/ or penis

Question 9

Secondary syphilis:

Answer 9

2-8 weeks after infection rash appears, commonly on palms and
soles of feet

• May involve flu-like symptoms

Question 10

Latent syphilis:

Answer 10

Person is asymptomatic

• After a year no longer infectious (but does cross placenta)

Question 11

Tertiary syphilis:

Answer 11

5-25 years after initial infection
*
- Involves breakdown of multiple body symptoms, including
circulatory and central nervous systems

Question 12

Incidence: syphilis

Answer 12

171,074 reported new cases in 2021

• Especially common among men who have sex with men
• Infection rate for newborns increased by 235% since 2016
• Nearly eradicated before rates started climbing in 2000

Question 13

transmission - syphilis

Answer 13

• From lesions to mucous membranes or abrasions during sexual
  contact
• Crosses the placenta to developing fetus

Question 14

episodic treatment of herpes

Answer 14

Antiviral agents taken when symptoms recur

Question 15

effect of age at cohabitation on later relationship success

Answer 15

Age at which couples move in together (<23) is more predictive of later divorce than whether they cohabitate prior to marriage

Question 16

homogamy

Answer 16

most people choose mates similar to themselves in terms of physical appearance, personality, ethnicity, religion, and educational level.

Question 17

semanarche

Answer 17

(beginning of semen cycle) age 9-14, onset early in sequence, thus an immature-looking may be capable of causing a pregnancy

Question 18

What does the Maltz Hierarchy model describe, and how does it categorize sexual experiences?

Answer 18

describes constructive and deconstructive sexual experiences, viewing sexual energy as a neutral force that can lead to either positive or negative outcomes. It categorizes positive experiences as

1+ Positive Role Fulfillment, 2+ Making Love, and 3+ Authentic Sexual Intimacy. Conversely, negative experiences are categorized as -1 Impersonal Interaction, 2- Abusive Interaction, and 3- Violent Interaction.

Question 19

HIV symptoms

Answer 19

flu-like symptoms, fatigue, night sweats, diarrhea, ulcers on mouth or genitals. Can remain in latent stage for 20 years

Question 20

HIV Incidence

Answer 20

Incidence: 1 million Americans living with HIV, 18% not aware of it. 50,000 new cases each year. US rates generally stable but increasing among adolescents, women and ethnic minorities

Question 21

HIV Transmission

Answer 21

Bodily fluids, sexual encounters (anal sex), needle sharing, mother-child (during pregnancy), contaminated blood

Question 22

sexual identity:

Answer 22

How one think is of oneself in terms to whom they are romantically/sexually attracted t

Question 23

oral stimulation - rates, association w education

Answer 23

70% of couples report participation, involvement positively correlated with level of education

Question 24

origin theories for sexual orientation - by normal variant

Answer 24

Sees same-gender sexual behavior as benign variation in human experience

Question 25

parenting outcomes in gay and lesbian parents

Answer 25

Research finds that children raised by gays or lesbians do not differ from children of heterosexual in terms of overall health, cognitive functioning, or sexual orientation

Question 26

physical attractiveness

Answer 26

Varies a lot by culture. Important for both genders but more so for males. Important due in part to link between physical appearance and health

Question 27

breast stimulation - preferences by gender

Answer 27

Men: breast touching isn't common except in gay couples, although they are sexually sensitive Women: Most enjoy, some can orgasm from this. There are many individual differences

Question 28

Attachment theory of love:

Answer 28

early childhood experiences affect adult styles of attachment Responsive and emotionally sensitive parenting: secure adults comfortable with closeness ▪ Impatient/ nonresponsive or overly intrusive parenting: avoidant adults likely to have trouble with trust ▪ Inconsistently responsive parenting: angry adults ambivalent about relationships ▪ Abusive parenting: combination of avoidance and proximity seeking as children; tend to be in dysfunctional, possibly abusive relationships as adults

Question 29

arousal misattribution theory

Answer 29

at times we may mislabel other forms of physiological arousal as love

Question 30

herpes

Answer 30

viral disease. HSV-2 is passed through penile-vaginal, oral-genital, oral-anal, or genital-anal contact. HSV-1 is passed by kissing or oral-genital contact. Small, painful, red bumps appear in the genital region or mouth. bumps become painful blisters and eventually rupture to form wet, open sores. no known cure, but treatments can reduce symptom

Question 31

cunnilingus

Answer 31

Oral stimulation of female genitals. Best way to achieve orgasm for many women and involved licking or sucking.

Question 32

mere exposure effect

Answer 32

A phenonmeon in which repeated exposure to novelty stimuli tends to increase an individual's liking for such stimuli

Question 33

reducing impact of divorce on children

Answer 33

Children adjust better when parents can develop a "business partnership" focused on the kids.

Question 34

biological contributions - genetics

Answer 34

Responsible for half the variance in sexual orientation according to evidence from twin, sibling and adoption studies

Question 35

gay affirmation therapy

Answer 35

Encourages LBG to accept their sexual orientation and does not attempt to change them to heterosexual

Question 36

prodromal symptoms of herpes

Answer 36

Most experience at least one additional outbreak-Itching, throbbing, burning, or pins and needles sensation in area before lesion appears. HSV2 more likely to reoccur than HSV1

Question 37

interracial marriage

Answer 37

8% of total US marriages; rates increasing, especially with younger population

Question 38

financial resources

Answer 38

Important for both genders, but more so for females

Question 39

effects of divorce in adults

Answer 39

Factors include financial hardships, increased risk of physical/mental illness and increased difficulty of parenting

Question 40

serial monogamy

Answer 40

exclusively dating a succession of people. most common pattern among singles

Question 41

genital opposition/tribadism

Answer 41

rubbing genitals together

Question 42

common sexual behaviors for gay males

Answer 42

More likely to enjoy general body touching. Not all couples engage in anal intercourse and often take turns on inserter/insertee. May engage in inter femoral intercourse

Question 43

preventing teen pregnancy and STIs

Answer 43

Most important factor is use of contraception. Children who discuss sex with parents are less likely to impregnate others, providing free condoms at school increases rate of condom use and skill-based programs are more successful than fear-based

Question 44

attitudes towards sexual orientation in greek

Answer 44

Assumed both males and females were inherently same-gender oriented

Question 45

factors explaining increased rates of cohabitation

Answer 45

(living together in a manner similar to marriage but without legal sanction) Factors include benefits of marriage without legal entanglements, less stigma, may experience discrimination related to housing, insurance and child custody, and rates are increasing particularly in younger population.

Question 46

when sex play between children should cause concern

Answer 46

It involves force, significant age difference between children, or children with sexual abuse historie

Question 47

sexual habits and satisfaction in marriage

Answer 47

Married adults have more sex than single adults. Report greater sexual satisfaction and often report a decline in martial satisfaction after children are born and rises again once children get older.