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capstone > Introduction for the pregnant and birthing family > Flashcards

Introduction for the pregnant and birthing family Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle?

A

FSH - follicle stimulating hormone
Estrogen
LH - leutenising hormone
progesterone

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2
Q

What causes the bleeding?

A

When the egg is not fertilised and there in a drop in progesterone

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3
Q

What hormone helps to identify pregnancy?

A

HCG

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4
Q

What are subjective signs of pregnancy?

A 
nausea
vomiting
fatigue
breast changes
ahmenhorea
frequency to urinate
quickening (kicks as early as 16 weeks)
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5
Q

What are objective signs of pregnancy?

A

HCG in urine and blood
goodals sign - softening of the cervix
chadricks sign - blue vagina
baxton hicks contractions - irregular painless contracting of the uterus

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6
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for pregnancy confirmation?

A

HCG urine test
Blood test
Ultrasound

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7
Q

How do you work out what the estimated due date is?

A

Using the woman dates
- Naegeles rule - LMP (last menstrual period) + 9 months + 7 days

(You need to take into account the woman cycle and adjust appropriately)

Ultrasound

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8
Q

What is antenatal care?

A

To monitor the process of pregnancy in order to support maternal health and normal foetal development

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9
Q

What are the types of antenatal care?

A

Midwifery led care
Shared care
Obstetric care

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10
Q

What is midwifery led care?

A

Birth centre type model
Main carer is the midwife
Only if low risk

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11
Q

What is shared care

A

Shared with midwife and obstetrician
But only really see GP
Low risk
Prefer to see GP

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12
Q

What is obstetric care?

A

Obstetric led care

Moderate or high risk

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13
Q

What is the booking in visit and when is it done?

A 
complete history of both mother and father and family
physical assessment
mental health assessment
birth preferences
feeding preferences
health promotion
blood tests
urine tests

often completed at 12 weeks

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14
Q

What are the stages of labour?

A

early/latent phase
first
second
third

3 stages

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15
Q

What happens in early/latent phase of labour?

A 
can last hours days or even weeks
prep for labour
may pass mucus plug
cervix 
• moved from posterior to anterior
• ripens and softens
• effaces
• dilates
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16
Q

What happens in the first stage of labour?

A

onset of regular, painful uterine contractions
woman cannot speak during contraction
cervix is 3-4 cm dialated
feel urge to push

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17
Q

What are the 5 P’s

A 
Passage
Passenger
Pain 
Psyche
Powers
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18
Q

What can be done for comfort for the woman during labour?

A 
massage
heat pack
movement and positioning 
breathing techniques
shower
music
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19
Q

What happens in the second stage of labour?

A

full dilation to the birth
expulsive contractions
pushing the baby out

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20
Q

What happens during the third stage of labour?

A

birth of the placenta and membranes

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21
Q

What happens after labour is over?

A 
the first hours following birth
regular vital signs
uterus contracts down
track vaginal loss
possible sutchering
assistance with breast feeding
skin to skin contact
22
Q

What happens with the neonate after birth?

A 
Airway
clamping and cutting the cord
drying
First cry
warm skin to skin contact
23
Q

What is the APGAR score? explain what should be expected in each part

A 
Appearance
- blue or pale all over
- blue extremities, but torso pink
- pink all over
Pulse
- none
-  100
Grimace
- no response
- weak grimace when stimulated
- cries of pulls away when stimulated
Activity
- None
- some flexion of arm
- arms flexed, legs resist extension 
Respirations
- None
- Weak, irregular or gasping
- Strong cry

0-3 low, 4-6- fairly low, 7-10 generally normal

taken at 1 min then 5 mins

24
Q

What does Postnatal mean?

A

after childbirth

25
Q

What does Postpartum mean?

A

After labour

26
Q

What does puerperium mean?

A

the time from the completion of the thirds stage of labour to 42 days postpartum

27
Q

What postnatal care should be done for the mother?

A 
physical assessment
- breast
- abdomen
- genito-urinary and pelvic
- lower limbs
consider any complicating medical conditions
consider the type of birth
28
Q

When doing a breast assessment what questions would the midwife ask?

A

do they know how to self express
is the baby feeding well
Has the milk come in?

29
Q

What do you need to check in an abdominal assessment of the mother?

A

Is the uterus involuting?

30
Q

What needs to be discussed with the mother about the Genito-urinary system?

A 
haemorrhoids?
micturition?
have they passed stools
pelvic floor exercises
checking on blood loss
31
Q

What assessment on the mother needs to be done for Lower limbs?

A

DVT

oedema

32
Q

When can intercourse be resumed?

A

When stitches are healed

When the mother feels ready

33
Q

What are the 3 major components of breastfeeding?

LPA

A

latch
positioning
attachment

34
Q

What are the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding?

A 
policy
training
inform
help initiate
show and maintain
breast milk only
room in 
encourage
no pacifiers
support groups
35
Q

What are the three types of psychological conditions after labour?

A

Baby blues
Postnatal depression
Postnatal psychosis

36
Q

Explain baby blues

A

Very common
linked to changes in hormones
brief period of emotional vulnerability
usually subsides within a few days

37
Q

What are some causes or risk factors of postnatal depression?

A 
refugee status
parenting and caring responsibilities
poor housing
domestic abuse
poverty or poor socioeconomic status
lack of social support
language barrier
38
Q

What happens in postpartum psychosis?

A 
Hyperactivity
irritation
mood swings
suspiciousness/paranoia
strange beliefs of delusions
difficulty communicating
inability to sleep
seeing or hearing things
39
Q

How long is the postnatal period?

A

6 weeks

40
Q

What is done at the daily newborn care or check?

A 
feeding
cord care
skin
weight
output - urine/meconium
41
Q

How long does the umbilical cord stay on?

A

4-10 days

42
Q

How does breast feeding work?

A

Works by supply and demand

  • baby feeds and a message is sent to brain pituitary gland
  • prolactin and oxytocin are released
  • this increases milk production and let down reflex
43
Q

What are the advantages of breastfeeding?

A

cost effective
environmentally friendly
less risk of illness and chronic disease
less ear infections

44
Q

What needs to be considered about artificial feeding?

A

Equipment
sterilisation
formula
different teat sizes

45
Q

Why do babies develop jaundice?

A

a physiological response
usually on head and torso
they can be lethargic irritable or not feeding
as a rapid amount of RBCs are broken down bilirubin is release but the baby can’t expel enough to keep up with it and that come out on skin

46
Q

How is baby jaundice treated

A

UV lights

47
Q

What immunisations are given to newborns

A

Vitamin K - for bleeds

Hep B

48
Q

What safety issues need to be discussed with the mother

A

Car seats
sleeping on back
no toys in cot

49
Q

What is a healthy hearing screening

A

screening test to see if babies can hear at birth

50
Q

What neonatal screening tests are done?

A

Cystic fibrosis
Galactosaemia
Phenulketonuria - PKU
Hypothyroidism

capstone (19 decks)

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