Introduction, definitions and nomenclature Flashcards
What is a primary
Name for where a cancer starts
What is metastasis
Secondary tumour (when the cancer spreads to other parts of the body)
What is tumour treatment based on
Knowledge of their pathology, biology and prognosis
Tumour proper name
Neoplasia
Definiton for neoplasm
abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds, and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissue, and which persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimulus which has evoked the change
Features of poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm
- Haphazard cellular arrangement
- Poor formation of gland lamina
- NUclei have variation in shape and size
Features of anaplastic or undifferentiated malignant neoplasm
- Bears no relation to normal epithelium
- No gland formation
- LArge variation in nuclei shape and size
What are well-differentiated tumour composed of
Cells which very closely resemble the cell of origin
What are poorly differentiated tumours composed of
Cells which bear little resemblance to the cell of origin, but just enough to enable the original cell type to be identified
What are undifferentiated or anaplastic tumours composed of
Cells which are so undifferentiated that their cell of origin is unknown
What is classification of a tumour based on
Histogenesis
Are all benign tumours harmless
No
How are the growth of benign tumours and malignant tumours different
Benign tumours grown by expansion whereas malignant grow by expansion and infiltration
How do benign and malignant tumours act on adjacent tissue
Benign compress adjacent tissue and malignant compress and invade adjacent tissue
What is metastasis
tumours spread to distant site
What is an adenoma
Tumours of glandular epithelium,
What is a papilloma
Tumours of squamous and transitional epithelium
WHat are malignant epithelial tumours called
Carcinomas
what are malignant tumours of squamous cell origin called
Squamous cell carcinoma
What are malignant tumours of a transitional cell called
transitional cell carcinoma
What are malignant tumours of glandular cells called
Adenocarcinoma
What are benign mesenchymal tumours end in
-oma
What are benign mesenchymal tumours of the bone called
Osteoma
What are benign mesenchymal tumours of adipose tissue called
Lipoma
What are benign mesenchymal tumours of cartilage called
Chondroma
What are benign mesenchymal tumours of smooth muscle called
Leiomyoma
What are benign mesenchymal tumours of striated muscle called
Rhabdomyoma
What do malignant mesenchymal tumours end in
-osarcoma
Malignant tumour of bone
Osteosarcoma
Malignant tumour of adipose tissue
Liposarcoma
Malignant tumour of cartilage
Chondrosacroma
Malignant tumour of smooth muscle
Leiomyosarcoma
Malignant tumour of striated muscle
Rhabdomyosarcoma
what are teratomas
derived from germ cells containing representatives from all 3 embryological germ cell layers
What are embryonal tumours derived from
embryonic blast tissue
What are gliomas
Derived from the glial cells of the CNS
What is leukaemia
Tumour of haemopoeitic cells in bone marrow
What is a neuroendocrine tumour
Tumours derived from neuroendocrine cells
