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Physiology Block 5 > Introduction, Body Fluids And Cellular Physiology > Flashcards

Introduction, Body Fluids And Cellular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of normal function of the body nod how the body maintains those normal functions

A

Physiology

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2
Q

How is physiology maintained?

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

How to change physiology

A

Pharamacology

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4
Q

What happens when physiology does not work right

A

Pathology

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5
Q

What are the control mechanisms for homeostasis

A

Positive and negative feedback systems

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6
Q

Inputs change and produces error but outputs remain normal. Requires energy output

A

Homeostasis

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7
Q

______ is how we sense and react to these changes

A

Feedback control

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8
Q

Output reduces initial error

A

Negative

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9
Q

What mechanism is generally good and very common?

A

Negative

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10
Q

Output is the same as initial change

A

Positive

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11
Q

What type of mechanism is rare and leads to an event, usually bad?

A

Positive

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12
Q

What do feedback mechanisms regulate?

A

Health

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13
Q

When do disease and pathology occur?

A

When errors exceed ability of control system to adjust

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14
Q

Compensation is never complete as long as _______

A

Error signal exists

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15
Q

Full compensation

A

Bodies best response. Normal function may no be restored

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16
Q

As time progresses, _________________ breakdown or initiate changes that lead to pathology no disease

A

Compensatory mechanisms

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17
Q

To return to health what must be identified, treated and stopped

A

Underlying error

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18
Q

What is the normal potassium levels?

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

19
Q

What is potassium for?

A

Progressive change in electrical activity

20
Q

When too much C inhibits A, what type of feedback is it?

A

Negative

21
Q

Patient presents with abnormally high levels of B and C but low levels of A. What is the likely defect?

A

Tumor secretion of B

22
Q

What percentage of body weight is water

A

60%

23
Q

What are the body water compartments?

A 
Intercellular fluid (2/3)
Extracellular fluid (1/3)
24
Q

Fluid inside all of the cells from the body

A

Intracellular fluid

25
Q

What is the intracellular fluid maintained by?

A

Cell membrane

26
Q

What allows all solutes to be dissolved in the same medium?

A

Intracellular fluid

27
Q

What allows metabolic reactions to occur

A

Intracellular fluid

28
Q

Fluid outside the cell

A

Extracellular fluid

29
Q

What are the two compartments of the extracellular fluid?

A
  • interstitial fluid (around the cells)

- plasma (fluid portion of blood)

30
Q

How is the extracellular fluid split into its two compartments?

A

Capillary walls

31
Q

In which compartment would you expect the greatest volume change as a result of sweating?

A

ECF

32
Q

What is ICF mostly made of?

A

Potassium and proteins

33
Q

What is ECF mostly made of?

A

Sodium and chloride

34
Q

Number of ions in water (measurement)

A

mOsm

  • important when considering concentration gradient
  • if non-dissociable, then mMol=mOsm
35
Q

Charge of dissociated ions (measurements)

A

mEq

-important when considering electrochemical gradients

36
Q

What is the basis for communication dependent on between ICF and ECF?

A

Potassium gradient

37
Q

Proper absorption of nutrients is dependent on ________ gradient

A

Sodium

38
Q

Movement of muscles requires

A

calcium

39
Q

Compartment content is based on what

A

Membrane permeability

40
Q

Capillary membrane

A
  • not selective
  • filters based on size
  • no proteins in interstitial fluid
41
Q

Selectivity of cell membrane

A

Very selective

42
Q

What can cross the cell membtane

A

Small nonpolar solutes can diffuse across

  • O2
  • CO2
  • ethanol
  • steroid hormones
  • water
43
Q

What are some ways things can get across the membrane? (That need help)

A
  • Channels (hole in membrane for specific solutes to move along gradient)
  • transport proteins (large solutes with gradients, can also move solutes ageist cxn gradient)

Physiology Block 5 (8 decks)

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