Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
Responsible for ensuring homeostasis, respond to internal and external stimuli to ensure a stable environment
A
Autonomic nervous system
2
Q
Two neuron chain in the ANS
A
Pre synaptic and post synaptic
3
Q
Where does parasympathetic neurons synapse
A
Close to organ
4
Q
Where do sympathetic synaps
A
In chain
5
Q
What does ANS control
A
Everything except skeletal muscles
6
Q
Two divisions of ANS
A
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
7
Q
What division is the sympathetic nervous system
A
Thoracocolumbar
-presynaptic fibers leave spine at the level of the thoracic vertebrae and upper lumbar
8
Q
Where do symp nervous systme synapse
A
In the paravertebral chain
9
Q
Length of pre synaptic in sympathetic
A
Short
10
Q
What does the sympathetic nervous system innervate
A
Wall of organs, glands, and smooth muscles
11
Q
Which division is fight or flight
A
Sympathetic nervous system
12
Q
What is the sympathetic nervous system mediated through
A
Mostly epi and norepi release on target organs
13
Q
What is the crnaiosacral division of the ANS
A
Parasympathetic nervous system
14
Q
Where do pre synaptic fibers leave parasympathetic
A
At the level of cranial nerves and sacrum
15
Q
What ar the parasympathetic CN
A
3,7,9,10
16
Q
Where do parasympathetic synapse
A
In or near target organ
17
Q
Length of parasympathetic pre synaptic
A
Long
18
Q
What does parasympathetic innervate
A
Walls of organs glands and smooth muscles
19
Q
What kind od effect does parasympathetic have
A
Discrete
20
Q
What is rest anddigest
A
Parasympathetic
21
Q
What is parasympathetic mediated through
A
Ach release on target organs
22
Q
What kind of effect is sympathetic
A
Diffuse
23
Q
What does not have dual innervation of ANS?
A
Sweat glands
Adrenal glands
Lacrimal glands
Parotid glands
24
Q
Which glands are sympathetic
A
Sweat glands and adrenal glands
25
Which glands are parasympathetic
Lacrimal glands and parotid glands
26
What does sympathetic increase?
- heart rate
- BP
- sphincter tone of bladder
27
What does sympathetic decrease
- motility
- relaxes lungs *bronchodilation)
- dilation of pupils
28
What does parasympathetic decrease
-HR
-BP
_bladder
29
What does parasympathetic increase
Bowel motility
Bronchoconstriction
Pupil constriction
30
A 52 year old woman present to the emergency department with recurrent episodes of chest and abdominal pain, dyspnea, palpitations and diaphoresis. On arrival she is asymptomatic. BP was 143/86 mmHg, pulse was 88bpm. Physical exam was normal. The patietns electrocardiograph and chest X-ray were both normal. Initial blood tests reveal nothing out of ordinary. Dysregulation of which nervous system division is most likely causing her symptoms?
Sympathetic
31
All presynaptic s are _____ in ANS everywhere
Ach
32
What is released during parasympathetic innervation and what is the receptor
- Ach
| - muscarinic receptor
33
What is the sympathetic NT 99% of the time and what is the receptor
- epi or norepi
| - a1 and B1 receptors
34
What kind of NT in post synaptic cleft of liver
Dopamine
Sympathetic
35
What is the NT for sweat glands and the receptor
- Ach
- muscarinic
Sympathetic, one of those occasions where it is not epi or norepi
36
What is different about the NT in the adrenal glands?
It dumps epi and norepi into the blood, this is an example of NT acting as a hormone
Sympathetic
37
Where is the nicotinic receptor in PNS
On post synapse
38
Where is the muscarinic receptor in PNS
On target organ
39
In the SNS, what is the presynaptic NT?
Ach
40
In the SNS what is the post synaptic NT
Norepinephrine
41
What are the NT for pre and post synaptic clefts in PNS
Ach for both
42
What is usually the NT in the post synaptic cleft?
Norepinephrine
43
What is the post synaptic NT for eccrine sweat glands (sympathetic)
Ach
44
What is the post synaptic NT for kidney (sympathetic)
Dopamine
45
What does the adrenal medulla function as
Post synaptic neuron
46
ANS ganglia form __________ where NTs are formed
Varicosities
47
Where are NTs stored
In large vesicles with other neuromodulators (ATP, VIP, etc)
48
Where is NT released onto smooth muscle
- autonomic control
| - several places
49
A 52 year old woman present to the emergency department with recurrent episodes of chest and abdominal pain, dyspnea, palpitations and diaphoresis. On arrival she is asymptomatic. BP was 143/86 mmHg, pulse was 88bpm. Physical exam was normal. The patietns electrocardiograph and chest X-ray were both normal. Initial blood tests reveal nothing out of ordinary. You suspect she has pheochromocytoma. You order blood draw looking for neurotransmitter metabolism by products. You also order imaging to confirm diagnosis. Elevated levels of which metabolite would be expected?
Modified frullic acid
50
What is pheocytoma
Tumor in adrenal glands that secretes epi and norepi in blood when it wants
51
What kind of receptors are on the target organs in PNS
Muscarinic receptors
| -M2 and M3
52
What is M2 (muscarinic in PNS) coupled to?
I (inhibitory)
53
What is M3 (muscarinic, PNS) coupled to
Q (calcium comes in, contractions iris)
54
What type of receptors are usually on target organs in SNS
Adrenergic
| a1, a2, B1, B2
55
What happens when nicotinic receptors open
Na+ enters cell, cause excitatory response
56
What is the G subunit associated with a1
GQ
- calcium
- vasc smooth muscle
57
What G subunit is associated with a2
GI
- presynaptic inhibitor
- stop release of NT
58
Where are B1
Heart
59
Where are B2 receptors
Lungs
60
What G subunit is associated with B2 adrenergic receptors
Gs
| CAMP
61
Usually regulate release of epi and norepi and modulates sympathetic response via negative feedback
Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor
62
Mechanism of alpha 2 adrenergic receptor
Regulate cAMP, flow of Ca2+ in cell
63
Maximal effect of ANS
Requires full stimulation by one and a full stop of stimulation by other
64
In most organs resting tone from _________ predominates
PNS
| Heart will beat faster if vagus N is cut
65
What are some organs that have only SNS innervation
- sweat glands
- most vascular smooth muscle
- liver
- adipose
- kidney
66
What is an example of dual innervation of ANS
Pupillary light reflex is controlled by the ANS
Also accommodation
Bladder filling and emptying
67
What is the dilator muscle of the iris controlled by
SNS
68
What is the constrictor muscle of the iris innervated by
PNS
69
Too much light strikes retina, _____ activates
PNS
70
If not enough light strikes the retina, _____ activates
SNS
71
A 52 year old woman present to the emergency department with recurrent episodes of chest and abdominal pain, dyspnea, palpitations and diaphoresis. On arrival she is asymptomatic. BP was 143/86 mmHg, pulse was 88bpm. Physical exam was normal. The patietns electrocardiograph and chest X-ray were both normal. Initial blood tests reveal nothing out of ordinary. Which nervous system division is most likely trying to correct the changes caused by her condition
Parasympathetic
72
What is generally activated as an entire system
Sympathetic
73
What does sympathetic system increase
```
HR
BP
BG
Airway and pupil diameter
Sweating
```
74
What does sympathetic decrease
Blood flow to gut
| Absorption and secretions
75
SNS increases total what
Body energy production
76
What ANS system is activated on specific organs, targeted effect
Parasympathetic because of short post synaptic
77
What does PNS increase
Blood flow to gut, absorption, and secretions
78
What does PNS decrease
HR
BP
Pupil diameter
79
What division of ANS is the body usually controlled under
PNS (tonic)
80
_________ sensory nerves carry information to appropriate region of brain stem or hypothalamus
Afferent
81
Responses are carried to target organs by the _______ on efferent nerves
Efferent ANS neurons
82
Can higher level input affect ANS?
Yes
| Change in heart rate when thinking about block exam
83
Sense a drop in blood pressure
Baroreceptors
84
How do baroreceptors inform brain
Via afferent sensory nerves. Info processed in cardio center in medulla
85
Baroreceptors and PNS
Efferent response carried along vagus, reduce PNS tone on SA node, increased HR
86
SNS and baroreceptors
SNS efferent response carried along thoracic nerves
- increase SNS tone on heart, increased HR and force
- increase adrenal release, increase HR and force
87
Baroreceptors as a balancing act
PNS and SNS both act on heart to increase heart race no force to normalize blood pressure
88
A 52 year old woman present to the emergency department with recurrent episodes of chest and abdominal pain, dyspnea, palpitations and diaphoresis. On arrival she is asymptomatic. BP was 143/86 mmHg, pulse was 88bpm. Physical exam was normal. The patietns electrocardiograph and chest X-ray were both normal. Initial blood tests reveal nothing out of ordinary.
Diagnosis is pheocromocytoma, a NE producing tumor in adrenal glands. Uses blood draw or urine analysis for metabolites of adrenergic
What drug could you use?
SNS blocker (a1, a2. B1, B2)
