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Physiology Block 5 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Responsible for ensuring homeostasis, respond to internal and external stimuli to ensure a stable environment

A

Autonomic nervous system

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2
Q

Two neuron chain in the ANS

A

Pre synaptic and post synaptic

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3
Q

Where does parasympathetic neurons synapse

A

Close to organ

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4
Q

Where do sympathetic synaps

A

In chain

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5
Q

What does ANS control

A

Everything except skeletal muscles

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6
Q

Two divisions of ANS

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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7
Q

What division is the sympathetic nervous system

A

Thoracocolumbar

-presynaptic fibers leave spine at the level of the thoracic vertebrae and upper lumbar

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8
Q

Where do symp nervous systme synapse

A

In the paravertebral chain

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9
Q

Length of pre synaptic in sympathetic

A

Short

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10
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system innervate

A

Wall of organs, glands, and smooth muscles

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11
Q

Which division is fight or flight

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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12
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system mediated through

A

Mostly epi and norepi release on target organs

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13
Q

What is the crnaiosacral division of the ANS

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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14
Q

Where do pre synaptic fibers leave parasympathetic

A

At the level of cranial nerves and sacrum

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15
Q

What ar the parasympathetic CN

A

3,7,9,10

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16
Q

Where do parasympathetic synapse

A

In or near target organ

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17
Q

Length of parasympathetic pre synaptic

A

Long

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18
Q

What does parasympathetic innervate

A

Walls of organs glands and smooth muscles

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19
Q

What kind od effect does parasympathetic have

A

Discrete

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20
Q

What is rest anddigest

A

Parasympathetic

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21
Q

What is parasympathetic mediated through

A

Ach release on target organs

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22
Q

What kind of effect is sympathetic

A

Diffuse

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23
Q

What does not have dual innervation of ANS?

A

Sweat glands
Adrenal glands
Lacrimal glands
Parotid glands

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24
Q

Which glands are sympathetic

A

Sweat glands and adrenal glands

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25
Q

Which glands are parasympathetic

A

Lacrimal glands and parotid glands

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26
Q

What does sympathetic increase?

A
  • heart rate
  • BP
  • sphincter tone of bladder
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27
Q

What does sympathetic decrease

A
  • motility
  • relaxes lungs *bronchodilation)
  • dilation of pupils
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28
Q

What does parasympathetic decrease

A

-HR
-BP
_bladder

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29
Q

What does parasympathetic increase

A

Bowel motility
Bronchoconstriction
Pupil constriction

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30
Q

A 52 year old woman present to the emergency department with recurrent episodes of chest and abdominal pain, dyspnea, palpitations and diaphoresis. On arrival she is asymptomatic. BP was 143/86 mmHg, pulse was 88bpm. Physical exam was normal. The patietns electrocardiograph and chest X-ray were both normal. Initial blood tests reveal nothing out of ordinary. Dysregulation of which nervous system division is most likely causing her symptoms?

A

Sympathetic

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31
Q

All presynaptic s are _____ in ANS everywhere

A

Ach

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32
Q

What is released during parasympathetic innervation and what is the receptor

A
  • Ach

- muscarinic receptor

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33
Q

What is the sympathetic NT 99% of the time and what is the receptor

A
  • epi or norepi

- a1 and B1 receptors

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34
Q

What kind of NT in post synaptic cleft of liver

A

Dopamine

Sympathetic

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35
Q

What is the NT for sweat glands and the receptor

A
  • Ach
  • muscarinic

Sympathetic, one of those occasions where it is not epi or norepi

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36
Q

What is different about the NT in the adrenal glands?

A

It dumps epi and norepi into the blood, this is an example of NT acting as a hormone

Sympathetic

37
Q

Where is the nicotinic receptor in PNS

A

On post synapse

38
Q

Where is the muscarinic receptor in PNS

A

On target organ

39
Q

In the SNS, what is the presynaptic NT?

A

Ach

40
Q

In the SNS what is the post synaptic NT

A

Norepinephrine

41
Q

What are the NT for pre and post synaptic clefts in PNS

A

Ach for both

42
Q

What is usually the NT in the post synaptic cleft?

A

Norepinephrine

43
Q

What is the post synaptic NT for eccrine sweat glands (sympathetic)

A

Ach

44
Q

What is the post synaptic NT for kidney (sympathetic)

A

Dopamine

45
Q

What does the adrenal medulla function as

A

Post synaptic neuron

46
Q

ANS ganglia form __________ where NTs are formed

A

Varicosities

47
Q

Where are NTs stored

A

In large vesicles with other neuromodulators (ATP, VIP, etc)

48
Q

Where is NT released onto smooth muscle

A
  • autonomic control

- several places

49
Q

A 52 year old woman present to the emergency department with recurrent episodes of chest and abdominal pain, dyspnea, palpitations and diaphoresis. On arrival she is asymptomatic. BP was 143/86 mmHg, pulse was 88bpm. Physical exam was normal. The patietns electrocardiograph and chest X-ray were both normal. Initial blood tests reveal nothing out of ordinary. You suspect she has pheochromocytoma. You order blood draw looking for neurotransmitter metabolism by products. You also order imaging to confirm diagnosis. Elevated levels of which metabolite would be expected?

A

Modified frullic acid

50
Q

What is pheocytoma

A

Tumor in adrenal glands that secretes epi and norepi in blood when it wants

51
Q

What kind of receptors are on the target organs in PNS

A

Muscarinic receptors

-M2 and M3

52
Q

What is M2 (muscarinic in PNS) coupled to?

A

I (inhibitory)

53
Q

What is M3 (muscarinic, PNS) coupled to

A

Q (calcium comes in, contractions iris)

54
Q

What type of receptors are usually on target organs in SNS

A

Adrenergic

a1, a2, B1, B2

55
Q

What happens when nicotinic receptors open

A

Na+ enters cell, cause excitatory response

56
Q

What is the G subunit associated with a1

A

GQ

  • calcium
  • vasc smooth muscle
57
Q

What G subunit is associated with a2

A

GI

  • presynaptic inhibitor
  • stop release of NT
58
Q

Where are B1

A

Heart

59
Q

Where are B2 receptors

A

Lungs

60
Q

What G subunit is associated with B2 adrenergic receptors

A

Gs

CAMP

61
Q

Usually regulate release of epi and norepi and modulates sympathetic response via negative feedback

A

Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor

62
Q

Mechanism of alpha 2 adrenergic receptor

A

Regulate cAMP, flow of Ca2+ in cell

63
Q

Maximal effect of ANS

A

Requires full stimulation by one and a full stop of stimulation by other

64
Q

In most organs resting tone from _________ predominates

A

PNS

Heart will beat faster if vagus N is cut

65
Q

What are some organs that have only SNS innervation

A
  • sweat glands
  • most vascular smooth muscle
  • liver
  • adipose
  • kidney
66
Q

What is an example of dual innervation of ANS

A

Pupillary light reflex is controlled by the ANS

Also accommodation

Bladder filling and emptying

67
Q

What is the dilator muscle of the iris controlled by

A

SNS

68
Q

What is the constrictor muscle of the iris innervated by

A

PNS

69
Q

Too much light strikes retina, _____ activates

A

PNS

70
Q

If not enough light strikes the retina, _____ activates

A

SNS

71
Q

A 52 year old woman present to the emergency department with recurrent episodes of chest and abdominal pain, dyspnea, palpitations and diaphoresis. On arrival she is asymptomatic. BP was 143/86 mmHg, pulse was 88bpm. Physical exam was normal. The patietns electrocardiograph and chest X-ray were both normal. Initial blood tests reveal nothing out of ordinary. Which nervous system division is most likely trying to correct the changes caused by her condition

A

Parasympathetic

72
Q

What is generally activated as an entire system

A

Sympathetic

73
Q

What does sympathetic system increase

A 
HR
BP
BG
Airway and pupil diameter
Sweating
74
Q

What does sympathetic decrease

A

Blood flow to gut

Absorption and secretions

75
Q

SNS increases total what

A

Body energy production

76
Q

What ANS system is activated on specific organs, targeted effect

A

Parasympathetic because of short post synaptic

77
Q

What does PNS increase

A

Blood flow to gut, absorption, and secretions

78
Q

What does PNS decrease

A

HR
BP
Pupil diameter

79
Q

What division of ANS is the body usually controlled under

A

PNS (tonic)

80
Q

_________ sensory nerves carry information to appropriate region of brain stem or hypothalamus

A

Afferent

81
Q

Responses are carried to target organs by the _______ on efferent nerves

A

Efferent ANS neurons

82
Q

Can higher level input affect ANS?

A

Yes

Change in heart rate when thinking about block exam

83
Q

Sense a drop in blood pressure

A

Baroreceptors

84
Q

How do baroreceptors inform brain

A

Via afferent sensory nerves. Info processed in cardio center in medulla

85
Q

Baroreceptors and PNS

A

Efferent response carried along vagus, reduce PNS tone on SA node, increased HR

86
Q

SNS and baroreceptors

A

SNS efferent response carried along thoracic nerves

  • increase SNS tone on heart, increased HR and force
  • increase adrenal release, increase HR and force
87
Q

Baroreceptors as a balancing act

A

PNS and SNS both act on heart to increase heart race no force to normalize blood pressure

88
Q

A 52 year old woman present to the emergency department with recurrent episodes of chest and abdominal pain, dyspnea, palpitations and diaphoresis. On arrival she is asymptomatic. BP was 143/86 mmHg, pulse was 88bpm. Physical exam was normal. The patietns electrocardiograph and chest X-ray were both normal. Initial blood tests reveal nothing out of ordinary.

Diagnosis is pheocromocytoma, a NE producing tumor in adrenal glands. Uses blood draw or urine analysis for metabolites of adrenergic

What drug could you use?

A

SNS blocker (a1, a2. B1, B2)

Physiology Block 5 (8 decks)

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