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S20 Clin-Med > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

components of Buffy coat

A

WBC, platelets

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2
Q

main component of plasma

A

water (92%)

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3
Q

serum

A

plasma minus clotting factors (NOT anti-coagulated)

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4
Q

characteristics of RBC

A

size of small lymphocyte, central pallor (1/3 diameter). no nuclues and biconcave

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5
Q

what originates from common myeloid progenitor?

A

megakaryocytic, RBC, myelblast, mono-blast

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6
Q

what does a megakaryocytic become after activation

A

thrombocytes

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7
Q

what does a basophil become after activation

A

mast call

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8
Q

what does a monocyte become after activation

A

macrophage

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9
Q

what originates from common lymphoid progenitor

A

natural killer cell and small lymphocyte

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10
Q

maturation of a RBC

A

stem cell..proerythroblast..early erythroblast..intermed erythro..late erythro (sheds nuclues)..reticulocyte..RBC

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11
Q

b lymphovytes

A

produced and mature in bone marrow

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12
Q

t lymphocytes

A

produced in bone marrow mature in thymus

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13
Q

when are neutrophilic band cells seen?

A

bone marrow stress

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14
Q

main component of RBC

A

hemoglobin

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15
Q

constituents of hemoglobin

A

one molecule of globin and one molecule of heme

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16
Q

how many hemoglobin molecules are in each RBC

A

270 million

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17
Q

structure of globin

A

combo of 4 polypeptide sunbunits

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18
Q

structure of heme

A

4 pyrrole rings (protoporphyrin) held toether by ferrous iron

one heme unit in each globin subunit

each heme bninds one molecule of oxygen

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19
Q

what happens when hemoglobin is degraded

A

iron and globin reused. pyrrole rings cleaved giving rise to bilirubin

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20
Q

macrocytic RBC

A

BAD HL

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21
Q

RDW

A

suggests diverend population of red cells of different sizes

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22
Q

reticulocytosis

A

bone marrow responds to stress and spits out immature RBC

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23
Q

poikilocytosis

A

variations in cell shape

24
Q

macroovalocytes

A

deficincy of vitamin b12 or folic acid

25
Q

ovalocytes and elliptpcytes

A

hereditary elliptocytosis

26
Q

spherocytes

A

hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia

27
Q

schistocytes

A

destruction within vascular spaces

28
Q

tear drop cells

A

commonly found in extra medullary hematopoiesis which is a response to bone marrow failure

29
Q

where does EMH occur?

A

spleen, liver and lymph nodes

30
Q

hypochromic RBC

A

more than 1/3 is pale (iron def anemia)

31
Q

hyperchromic RBC

A

lose central pallor (spherocytes)

32
Q

anisocytosis

A

variation in size

33
Q

hereditary spherocytosis

A

INCREASED OSMOTIC FRAGILITY

  • lack of spectrin
34
Q

actue phase reactants

A

proteins that change their serum concentration by greater than 25% in response to inflammatory cytokines

35
Q

what is in the cytoplasm of reticulocytes

A

residual ribosomal RNA

36
Q

howell jolly bodies

A

inclusions of DNA remanants

37
Q

nucleated RBC

A

bone marrow stress

38
Q

basophillic stippling

A

ribosomes at the periphery of RBC

- heavy metal poisoning

39
Q

heinz bodies

A

denatured hemoglobin seen in G6PD DEFICIENCY

40
Q

dohle bodies

A

basophilic inclusions located in the peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils
RER

41
Q

what kind of neutrophils are seen in a blood smear

A

bands and PMNs

42
Q

how many lobes does a neutrophil have

A

3-4 (5 of more hyper-segmented)

43
Q

what are hyper-segmented neutrophils indicative of

A

B12 folate deficiency

44
Q

causes of eosinophillia

A 
neoplastic
asthma
allergic rxn
collagen (rheum)
parasites
45
Q

what is basophilic leukocytosis associated with

A

leukemia (specif. CML)

46
Q

what controls adaptive immunity?

A

B and T lymphocytes

47
Q

natural killer cells

A

kill tumor and virally infected cells

48
Q

appearance of an atypical lymphocyte

A

larger than normal and have more cytoplasm

49
Q

with what condition are atypical lymphocytes seen

A

MONO

50
Q

what is the largest cell in the blood

A

monocytes

51
Q

risk of low platelet count

A

bleeding

52
Q

risk of high platelet count

A

clotting

53
Q

von willebrand factor

A

initiates first stage of wound healing

54
Q

steps of hemostasis

A

vasoconstriction
platelet plus
fibrin clot

55
Q

what do platelets contain

A

vasoconstrictors and cytokines

S20 Clin-Med (10 decks)

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