Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

leukopenia

A

low WBC

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2
Q

leukocytosis

A

high WNC

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3
Q

anemia

A

low HgB/Hct

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4
Q

polycythemia

A

high HgB/Hct

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5
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low platelets

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6
Q

thrombocytosis

A

high platelets

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7
Q

microcytosis

A

low MCV

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8
Q

macrocytosis

A

High MCV

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9
Q

anisocytosis

A

high RDW

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10
Q

avg hgb at birth

A

17

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11
Q

avg hgb adult male

A

16

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12
Q

avg hgb adult female

A

13

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13
Q

avg hgb preg

A

12

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14
Q

why do men have higher hgb

A

testosterone stimulates erythropoieis

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15
Q

why do women of child bearing years have lower hgb

A

menses

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16
Q

main causes of anemia

A

red cell loss
inadequate production
destruction

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17
Q

retic count with red cell loss

A

high

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18
Q

retic count with poor production

A

low

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19
Q

retic count with destruction

A

high

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20
Q

lifespan of a RBC

A

110-120 days

21
Q

what do anemia symptoms depend on

A

magnitude and rate of development

22
Q

normal adult blood volume

A

5 L

23
Q

BV adult female

A

65

24
Q

BV adult male

A

70

25
Q

BV children

A

80

26
Q

BV neonates

A

100

27
Q

compensatory mechanisms in hypovolemic patient

A

release stress hormones to offset hypotension by increasing blood volume/cardiac output or by reducing vasc capacity via vasoconstriction

28
Q

what types of anemia are more common in pts from Mediterranean, africa

A

thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies

29
Q

how does anemia affect vital

A

tachycardia, fever, orthostasis

30
Q

microcytic anemia

A

MCV < 80 fL

31
Q

macrocytic anemia

A

MCV >100 fL

32
Q

most common cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia

A

iron deficiency anemia

33
Q

usual suspects of iron def anemia

A

NSAIDs. ulcers, menses, colon cancer, blood donation

34
Q

what makes iron more absorbable

A

ferric reductase (duod and jejun) reduces iron from 3+ to 2+

35
Q

what transports iron to the bone marrow

A

trransferrin

36
Q

total iron-binding capacity

A

measure of transferrin levels

37
Q

per cent saturation

A

proportion of total transferrin that is bound to iron

38
Q

what are the storage forms of iron

A

ferritin and hemosiderin

39
Q

ferritin

A

main storage form, more labile

acute phase reactant

40
Q

hemosiderin

A

most stable storage form but less accessible

41
Q

what is free ferritin called

A

apoferritin

42
Q

what are plasma ferritin levels used for

A

diagnostic test for iron deficiency anemia

43
Q

lab findings iron deficiency anemia

A

high TIBC

low per cent sat, ferritin, serum iron

44
Q

treatment of iron deficincy

A

ferrous

45
Q

what happens when lead interferes with heme synthesis

A

production of zinc protoporphyrin and the development of microcytic anemia

46
Q

pica

A

desire to eat non nutritive things

47
Q

plumbophagia

A

ingestion of lead

48
Q

pgophagia

A

consumption of ice