Introduction

Question 1

What is RESICE

Answer 1

Autonomous vehicle to measure key environmental variables, phyto and zooplankton production, biomass and biodiversity

Question 2

What does CTD detect

Answer 2

Temperature, salinity, depths and Chla

Question 3

What does the EcoTriplet detect

Answer 3

Chl a, cDOM, TSM

Question 4

What does the FRRf detect

Answer 4

Photosynthetic parameters, irradiance and Chl a

Question 5

What does the Arctic ABCD Light observatory detect

Answer 5

1 hour measurments of 180 degree sky image, light intensity (white, R, G, B), Spectral irradiance, polar night irradiance measurements

Question 6

What is are characteristics for the top layer in the ocean

Answer 6

NPQ, expression of photoprotection genes, high rETR, low alpha, increase PET chain, ROS managment, ROS production, high light

Question 7

What are characteristics for deeper waters

Answer 7

Decreased photoprotection genes, decreased PET chain rate, decreased ROS production, low light, more LHCF and LHP, low rETR, high alpha

Question 8

What are the three intervals of twilight

Answer 8

Civil twilight (0 to 6 degrees under horizon)
Nautical twilight (between 6 and 12 degrees)
Astronomical twilight (between 6 and 12 degrees)

Question 9

What is a typical food web in Svalbard

Answer 9

Virus-bacteria-phytoplankton-ciliates-copepods

Question 10

Name 4 ice algea species

Answer 10

Nitzschia frigida
Polarella glacialis
Phaeocystis glacialis
Navicula

Question 11

Name 4 macroalgae found around Svalbard waters

Answer 11

Fucus distichus
Laminaria solidungula
Sacchoriza dermatodea
Alaria esculenta

Question 12

Name some red calcarous algal seascape characteristics

Answer 12

Species such as anemones, sea urchins, brittle starts, function in photosynthesis, depths of 50 -60 m

Question 13

How can we use taxonomy for kelp forest eco physiology

Answer 13

Use morphology, genetics, molecular tools, chemotaxonomy (pigments, proteins, element analysis) to identify map and monitor kelp forest conservation

Question 14

What are characteristics of kelp forests

Answer 14

Missing zoning pattern, competition for light, nutrients, place to attach, light limitation between 5 to 30 meters

Question 15

Why is there no zonation in Svalbard waters

Answer 15

Light regime, nutrient, substrate, epigrowth, sedimentation, ice scouring and grazers

Question 16

Can algae grow in the polar night

Answer 16

Yes, brown, green and red macroalgae can perform PS during polar night (moon etc)