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Light Climate > Algal biodiversity > Flashcards

Algal biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary endosymbiosis

A

Primary plastids from cyanobacteria were taken up, layed the basis for the green algae, plants, red algae and rhodo- chloro- and glaucocystophyta

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2
Q

What are characteristics of secondary endosymbiosis

A

Extra membrane about secondary plastid, green and red lineage, cryptophytes, apicomplexa, haptophyta, chlorarachniaphyta, euglenophytaheterokontophyta (kelp)

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3
Q

What are examples of tertiary endosymbiosis

A

The pigment groups of dinoflagellates

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4
Q

Which pigments doe coccolithophycea have

A

acyl-oxy-fucoxanthins, chl c3, PG4

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5
Q

What pigments do cryptophyceae have

A

Phycobiliproteins, alloxanthin, chl c2

PG12

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6
Q

What pigments do cyanophyceae have

A

Phycobiliproteins, zeaxanthin

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7
Q

What are case I waters

A

waters for which phytoplankton and their associated materials (such as debris, heterotrophic organisms and bacteria, excreted organic matter) control the optical properties

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8
Q

What is case II water

A

Found in coastal zones influenced by land drainage or suspended sediment in addition to phytoplankton

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9
Q

What are characteristics for light in polar areas

A

Extreme annual differences in light climate
Extreme annual differences in production
Less diurnal variation
Sun is only briefly more than 30 degrees above the horizon

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10
Q

What is irradiance

A

Photon flux per unit time and area
400 - 700 nm PAR
umol photons m-2 s-1

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11
Q

What is a characteristic for radiance through the athmosphere at the poles

A

Low sunangle means that the light has to pass through a thicker layer of air which leads to reduced irradiance from direct radiance, but more scattering (and clouds can yield a higher surface irradiance)

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12
Q

What are characteristics of underwater irradiance

A

Reflection of irradiance is high at low sunangles with no wave activity
Clean sea water attenuates different wavelength differently (blue travels far)
Phytoplankton absorpes blue, blue green and red light
Yellow substances (DOC, humic acids) absorb in UV and blue region

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13
Q

Why does ocean color vary

A

Because of phytoplankton, cDOM and TSM

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14
Q

What is albedo

A

Amount of reflected light as a function of incident light (in percentage)
Sea ice and snow have a high albedo

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15
Q

What are the dominant groups of phytoplankton

A

Diatoms (Chaetoceros and Thalassiosira) and prymnesiophytes (Phaeocystis)

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16
Q

Why do diatoms dominate

A

Need silicate to build cell wall
No flagella (non motile)
Specialists in green light (under ice)

17
Q

What is special with Phaeocystis

A

Massive blooms
Big mucus colonies
Contains chl c3, harmful
Blue green light specialist

18
Q

What are characteristics of Chl a

A

Light harvesting pigment (in vivo abs 440 and 675 nm)
Part of PSII
All PS eucaryotes and cyanobacteria contain it

19
Q

What are the three major groups of pigments

A

Chlorophyll (8 types)
Carotenoids (xanthophyll and carotenes)
Phycobiliproteins (4 types found in cryptophytes, cyanobacteria and red algae)

20
Q

What are absorption characteristics dependent on

A

Pigment composition
Pigment protein complexes
Intracellular self shading (package effect)

21
Q

What can the PE curves tell us

A

Gross and net PS rates
Maximum PS rate
Quantum yield (PS efficiency)
Light saturated PS

22
Q

What are characteristisc of light acclimatization

A 
Absorption properties
Pigment composition
Cell chemistry
PS parameters
Light & Dark respiration
23
Q

What do algal growth rates depend on

A

Physical factors (light, temperature, wind)
Chemical (nutrients and salinity)
Biological (predation, competition, physiological build up)

24
Q

What are characteristics of the ice algae environment

A 
Light regime
Temperature
Salinity
Concentrated cells with patchy distribution
Grazing
PS parameters
Diurnal and annual variations
25
Q

What are characteristics of the optical property Kd

A

Phytoplankton, cDOM and Suspended Material and the combination from them (Case 1 only P, case 2 combination of P, cDom and SM)

26
Q

How can we measure photosynthetic performance

A

14C isotope uptake
Oxygen measurments
Fluorescence kinetics (PAM, FRRf)

Light Climate (9 decks)

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