Annual multiyear sea-ice

Question 1

What are marine key organisms in Svalbard

Answer 1

Phytoplankton, copepods, krill, polar cod and capelin(fish)

Question 2

What are characteristics of primary producers

Answer 2

Food source for different trophical levels, production of O2, uptake of CO2, respiration in light versus dark, biological carbon pump

Question 3

What are the 6 key environmental factors

Answer 3

Light regime (spectral properties)
Temperature (alters photosyntesis and respiration)
CO2 system
Nutrients
Salinity
Phytoplankton

Question 4

What is the light regime

Answer 4

Irradiance (E, umol quanta m-2 s-1)
Spectral irradiance (Elambda, umol quanta m-2, s-1, nm-1)
Daylength (h)

Question 5

How does light attentuate

Answer 5

As a function of depth
Light absorption
Scattering by water
Scattering by particles
absorption by dissolved organic matter

Question 6

What are types of ice algal assemblages

Answer 6

Infiltration community
Diffuse community
Interstitial community
sub ice community
band community
pressure ridge community
brine channel community
melt pond community
deformation pond

Question 7

What is the name of the only herbivorous ice amphipod

Answer 7

Apherusa glacialis lives under the sea ice and grazes on mat forming ice diatoms

Question 8

What is Arctic thermohaline circulation?

Answer 8

Circulation based on temperature and salinity

Question 9

Why does the Arctic warm faster than lower latitudes

Answer 9

Snow melting leads to darker land masses that absorp ligth and heat, shallow atmospheric layer, loss of sea ice leads to more heat uptake of the ocean, change in water circulation