Introduction

Question 1

innate immunity

Answer 1

physical barriers
natural killer cells
phagocytes

Question 2

what does complement protein do

Answer 2

helps the attachment process, enhancing phagocytic function

Question 3

what do phagocytes release

Answer 3

cytokines

Question 4

what are the primary lymphoid organs

Answer 4

bone marrow

thymus

Question 5

what ate the secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 5

blood
spleen
lymph

Question 6

what do B-cells produce

Answer 6

antibodies(immunoglobulins)

Question 7

what do T cells need from dendritic cells and macrophages in order to be activated

Answer 7

antigen presenting cell

Question 8

what is neutralisation

Answer 8

coating of virus so it cannot enter cell

Question 9

what is opsonisation

Answer 9

coating of virus so phagocytes can recognise it

Question 10

3 types of t cells

Answer 10

t helper cell
t-cytotoxic cell
t-regulatory cell

Question 11

what protein is found on a t helper cell and which MHC does it bind to

Answer 11

CD4+

MHC 2

Question 12

what protein is fond on T-cytotoxic cells and what MHC does it bind to

Answer 12

CD8+

MHC 1

Question 13

what does the virus leave out on the membrane when it infects a cell

Answer 13

a viral protein

Question 14

what does the viral protein bind to

Answer 14

MHC

Question 15

phagocytosis (5)

Answer 15

1. actin cytoskeleton rearrangement
2. pseudopods
3. phagosome
4. phagolysosome
5. destruction

Question 16

what do T-cytotoxic cells kill

Answer 16

infected/cancerous cells

Question 17

what do T-helper cells do

Answer 17

release cytokines

stimulate b-cell to make antibody

Question 18

what do t-regulatory cells do

Answer 18

inhibit function of other T cells (prevent excessive response)

Question 19

what is the most abundant wbc

Answer 19

neutrophils

Question 20

what do antigen presenting cells do

Answer 20

phagocytose pathogens and present antigens from the pathogen to lymphocytes

Question 21

what can phagocytes recognise since they have PRRs

Answer 21

PAMPs

Question 22

if the killing is oxygen dependant what is it done by

Answer 22

a reactive species- NADPH oxidase which generates a superoxidase anion

Question 23

what s the main PRR

Answer 23

toll- like receptor

Question 24

if killing is oxygen independant then what is used

Answer 24

enzymes

Question 25

what are two examples of chemoattractants

Answer 25

IL-8 - from inflammatory cells

fMLP- from bacteria

Question 26

what are selectins expressed by

Answer 26

activated endothelium

Question 27

what are two types of selectins

Answer 27

P and E