Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

two features of innate immune system

Answer 1

rapid and non- specific

Question 2

does innate immune system have any memory

Answer 2

no

Question 3

what is the purpose of innate immunity

Answer 3

to keep individual alive for first few days of infection

Question 4

two examples of innate immunity cells

Answer 4

phagocytes

natural killer cells

Question 5

two features of adaptive immunity

Answer 5

delayed

highly specific

Question 6

does adaptive immunity have memory

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

3 examples of adaptive immunity cells

Answer 7

T helper(Th) 
Regulation Cytotoxic (CTL)
Regulatory (Treg)

Question 8

what is the hinge region

Answer 8

flexible spacer between binding sites- allows complexes to form

Question 9

what can the two light chains be either

Answer 9

kappa or lambda

but never both

Question 10

what determines the Ig class

Answer 10

Fc region

Question 11

IgG- what does is activate

Answer 11

complement

Question 12

IgG- what can it cross

Answer 12

placenta- protect developing fetus

Question 13

IgG- why would it indicate past infection

Answer 13

present for long periods of time

Question 14

which antibody is 75% of all Ig

Answer 14

IgG

Question 15

which is the major class made by secondary responses

Answer 15

IgG

Question 16

Which Ig can form 2 structures

Answer 16

IgM

Question 17

Which Ig is bound to membrane in B cell

Answer 17

monomer of IgM

Question 18

because of IgM’s pentamer structure what can it do

Answer 18

activate complement

increases affinity

Question 19

what do phagocytes have receptors for

Answer 19

Fc region of antibody (immunoglobulin)

Question 20

three steps in antibody role:

Answer 20

1. coating + nuetralizing pathogen
2. activating complement
3. opsonisation- phagocytes bind to Fc region

Question 21

after 12 days the B cell that was making IgM switches to

Answer 21

making IgG3

Question 22

what is antigen binding site called

Answer 22

epitopes

Question 23

what is the most abundant class in external secretions

Answer 23

IgA

Question 24

what external secretions is IgA found in

Answer 24

milk 
sweat 
tears 
saliva 
gut fluids

Question 25

what does IgA have to allow it to work in harsh enviroments

Answer 25

secretory components

Question 26

what can circulatory IgA not activate

Answer 26

complement- not needed in the mucosa

Question 27

which Ig has a harmful function in allergies

Answer 27

IgE- over response causes anaphylactic shock

Question 28

what does IgE activate via Fc receptor binding

Answer 28

eosinophils

Question 29

what is the lowest conc Ig

Answer 29

IgD

Question 30

what does circulatory IgA bind to

Answer 30

Fc receptor on immune cells

Question 31

what does binding of Ig A to Fc receptor on immune cells initiate

Answer 31

inflammatory reaction

Question 32

what does IgE bind to

Answer 32

Fc receptor on mast cells and basophils releasing histamine

Question 33

what is the humoral system

Answer 33

a division of adaptive immunity

Question 34

what is humoral immunity mediated by

Answer 34

B-lymphocytes

Question 35

what can one activated B cell do

Answer 35

differentiate and secrete many antibody molecules with the same specificity but for original antigen

Question 36

humoral system- what does antigen processing activate

Answer 36

Th helper cells which are an extra check

Question 37

humoral system-what does the Th helper cell do

Answer 37

activate B cell

Question 38

what does IgM switch to after 12 days

Answer 38

IgG3

Question 39

3 ways antibody fights infection

Answer 39

1. coating and neutralising a pathogen
2. activating complement
3. opsonisation

Question 40

where does the antigen bind on a antibody

Answer 40

Fab region- variable - 2 binding sites

Question 41

where does the phagocyte bind on the antibody

Answer 41

Fc region - constant

Question 42

what is an epitope

Answer 42

part of the antigen which the antibody binds to