Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
two features of innate immune system
rapid and non- specific
does innate immune system have any memory
no
what is the purpose of innate immunity
to keep individual alive for first few days of infection
two examples of innate immunity cells
phagocytes
natural killer cells
two features of adaptive immunity
delayed
highly specific
does adaptive immunity have memory
yes
3 examples of adaptive immunity cells
T helper(Th) Regulation Cytotoxic (CTL) Regulatory (Treg)
what is the hinge region
flexible spacer between binding sites- allows complexes to form
what can the two light chains be either
kappa or lambda
but never both
what determines the Ig class
Fc region
IgG- what does is activate
complement
IgG- what can it cross
placenta- protect developing fetus
IgG- why would it indicate past infection
present for long periods of time
which antibody is 75% of all Ig
IgG
which is the major class made by secondary responses
IgG
Which Ig can form 2 structures
IgM
Which Ig is bound to membrane in B cell
monomer of IgM
because of IgM’s pentamer structure what can it do
activate complement
increases affinity
what do phagocytes have receptors for
Fc region of antibody (immunoglobulin)
three steps in antibody role:
- coating + nuetralizing pathogen
- activating complement
- opsonisation- phagocytes bind to Fc region
after 12 days the B cell that was making IgM switches to
making IgG3
what is antigen binding site called
epitopes
what is the most abundant class in external secretions
IgA
what external secretions is IgA found in
milk sweat tears saliva gut fluids
what does IgA have to allow it to work in harsh enviroments
secretory components
what can circulatory IgA not activate
complement- not needed in the mucosa
which Ig has a harmful function in allergies
IgE- over response causes anaphylactic shock
what does IgE activate via Fc receptor binding
eosinophils
what is the lowest conc Ig
IgD
what does circulatory IgA bind to
Fc receptor on immune cells
what does binding of Ig A to Fc receptor on immune cells initiate
inflammatory reaction
what does IgE bind to
Fc receptor on mast cells and basophils releasing histamine
what is the humoral system
a division of adaptive immunity
what is humoral immunity mediated by
B-lymphocytes
what can one activated B cell do
differentiate and secrete many antibody molecules with the same specificity but for original antigen
humoral system- what does antigen processing activate
Th helper cells which are an extra check
humoral system-what does the Th helper cell do
activate B cell
what does IgM switch to after 12 days
IgG3
3 ways antibody fights infection
- coating and neutralising a pathogen
- activating complement
- opsonisation
where does the antigen bind on a antibody
Fab region- variable - 2 binding sites
where does the phagocyte bind on the antibody
Fc region - constant
what is an epitope
part of the antigen which the antibody binds to
