Introduction

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

An allele is one of two or more versions of a gene.

Question 2

Codon

Answer 2

A codon is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis. DNA and RNA molecules are written in a language of four nucleotides; meanwhile, the language of proteins includes 20 amino acids

Question 3

gamete

Answer 3

a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another cell to form a new organism.

Question 4

homozygous

Answer 4

describes a genotype consisting of two identical alleles at a given locus

Question 5

pedigree

Answer 5

the recorded ancestry, especially upper-class ancestry, of a person or family.

Question 6

sex-linked

Answer 6

Carried by a sex chromosome, especially an X chromosome.

Question 7

autosome

Answer 7

chromosome that is not an allosome (i.e., not a sex chromosome).

Question 8

crossing-over

Answer 8

is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes

Question 9

gene

Answer 9

s the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.

Question 10

interphase

Answer 10

is the phase of the cell cycle in which the cell spends and performs the majority of its time.

Question 11

phenotype

Answer 11

physical characteristics of the dominant gene

Question 12

somatic

Answer 12

relating to the body

Question 13

carrier

Answer 13

has one dominant and one recessive that contains the allele for the diease

Question 14

cytokinesis

Answer 14

process where cytoplasm of a single eukarytoic cell is divided to form two daughter cells

Question 15

genotype

Answer 15

the actual alleles

Question 16

locus

Answer 16

s the specific location of a gene, DNA sequence, or position on a chromosome.

Question 17

recessive

Answer 17

relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.

Question 18

tetrad

Answer 18

A four-part structure that forms during the prophase of meiosis and consists of two homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids.

Question 19

chromatid

Answer 19

one copy of a duplicated chromosome

Question 20

diploid

Answer 20

cell or organism that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 21

haploid

Answer 21

single set of unpaired chromosomes

Question 22

meiosis

Answer 22

cell division which reduces the chromosome number in half

Question 23

replication

Answer 23

dna replicaiton

Question 24

transcription

Answer 24

is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase

Question 25

chromosome

Answer 25

DNA tightly coiled up around proteins

Question 26

DNA

Answer 26

genetic material

Question 27

heterozygous

Answer 27

diploid cell contains two different alleles of a gene

Question 28

mitosis

Answer 28

cell cycle where chromosomes are seperated into two nucleus of identical cells

Question 29

RNA

Answer 29

nucleic acid that makes protein

Question 30

translation

Answer 30

decoding of instructions to make proteins

Question 31

codominant

Answer 31

where both dominant alleles show up the offspring

Question 32

domainant

Answer 32

overpowers the recessive gene, shows up in the phenotype

Question 33

homologous

Answer 33

same relation chromosomes

Question 34

nucleotide

Answer 34

organic molecules that serve as polymers

Question 35

sex chromosomes

Answer 35

XX and XY

Question 36

zygote

Answer 36

initial cell formed when two gamete cells are joined